Health Beliefs and Behaviours - Part 2

Question 1

What are the 3 factors that influence each other to alter behaviour in Social Cognitive Theory?

Answer 1

• Personal Cognitive Factors
  
  • Self-efficacy, Knowledge and ability to see outcomes.
• Behavioural Factors
  
  • Habits, Intentions, Coping skills
• Social/Environment Factors
  
  • Physical, role models, cultural beliefs, social support

Question 2

Define Self-efficacy:

Answer 2

• “as people’s beliefs about their capabilities to produce a designated levels of performance that exercise influence over the events that affect their lives” (Bandura, 1998)
• involves an evaluation of person’s skill as well as their confidence in a skill

Question 3

Slide 6 !!!

Answer 3

Look at it yourself.

Question 4

What are the 4 source of self-efficacy?

Answer 4

1. physiological and affective states
2. vicarious experiences
3. social persuasion, and
4. mastery experiences

Question 5

● Skill is modelled to “convey the basic rules and strategies”.
● Learners practice the skill in a controlled environment and receive specific feedback.
● Learners apply the skill in work situations that are expected to bring success.
What does this describe?

Answer 5

Observational Learning: Mastery Learning

Question 6

• aka Stages of Change
• Used in smoking, diabetes, addiction
• Does not assume people are ready to change
• People move or cycle through stages of change.
• Pushing hard -> resistance
  What does this describe?

Answer 6

Transtheoretical Model

Question 7

What are the 5 stages of Transtheoretical Model?

Answer 7

1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance

Question 8

Transtheoretical Model Pre-contemplation stage:

Answer 8

• Cons outweighs pro’s Won’t consider change for awhile

- RPh - Don’t persuade. Listen for barriers, wait, nonjudgmental, empathize

Question 9

Transtheoretical Model Contemplation stage:

Answer 9

• Lower Self Efficacy, think change in 6 months, Open to info
• RPh - listen reflectively, careful Q’s, discuss strategies to remove barriers, educate if open, empathize

Question 10

Transtheoretical Model Preparation stage:

Answer 10

• Ready for action within 30 days & made 1 attempt
• Often unsure can do
• RPh address PT concerns, breaks action into small steps & is consultant, empathize
• Begins to discuss products, schedule for quitting, plan

Question 11

Transtheoretical Model Action stage:

Answer 11

• Makes effort to change
• RPh assesses PT concerns, problem-solves how to avoid triggers for negative behaviour, begin using products, support positive behaviour

Question 12

Transtheoretical Model Maintenance stage:

Answer 12

• Engaged for 6 months at least
• More able to identify situations cause relapse
• Becoming who person wants to be
• Listen empathically
• Openly assess possible relapse factors
• Support
• Positive reinforcement
• Monitor how products work

Question 13

Slide 15 !!!

Answer 13

Please look at it!

Question 14

Processes of Change: Experiential

Answer 14

1. Consciousness Raising [Increasing Awareness]
2. Dramatic Relief [Emotional Arousal]
3. Environmental Reevaluation [Social Reappraisal]
4. Social Liberation [Environmental Opportunities]
5. Self- Reevaluation [Self Reappraisal]

Question 15

Processes of Change: Behavioral

Answer 15

1. Stimulus Control [Re-Engineering]
2. Helping Relationships [Supporting]
3. Counter Conditioning [Substituting]
4. Reinforcement Management [Rewarding]
5. Self liberation [Committing]

Question 16

• “Common Sense” Model of Illness
• Patients actively solve problems by seeking info from own experience to form illness representations based on:
  1. What is the symptom/illness?
  2. What caused it?
  3. How long will it last?
  4. What will happen as a result?
  5. Can this be controlled or cured?
  Which theory is this?

Answer 16

Self-Regulation Theory

Question 17

Slide 20 ???

Answer 17

Look at slide 20!