Health Behaviour Models

Question 1

Explain the Health Belief Model and how it may be implemented.

Answer 1

The health belief model is a continuum theory meaning it identifies a set of variables that influence behaviour and predict likelihood of behaviour.
It contained 4 factors including susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers. The revised version also includes cues to action with can be internal (e.g. feeling a symptoms and thinking to act) or external.

The model is successful in predicting health behaviour (exercise). it was developed by social scientists in the 1950’s assessing why people may not use a prevention or detection program for diseases.

Limitations: people participate in physical activity for reasons other than for health

Question 2

What is the Theory of Planned behaviour?

Answer 2

It was developed from the theory of reasoned action that believes the key determinant of behaviour is intention and intentions are determined by attitude toward behaviour and subjective norms.
The theory of planned behaviour adds perceived behavioural control as a key factor influencing intent.

Limitations: attitudes and beliefs etc. are particular to a given sample, doesn’t account for current or past behaviours which are the biggest predictor of future behaviour, intent doesn’t always equal action

Question 3

What is the Transtheoretical model?

Answer 3

It is a stage based model- behaviour change is a process and stage-like. It doesn’t assumed behaviour change is linear.
Stages:
Pre contemplation: lack of awareness, no intent to change
Contemplation: consider change, growing awareness
Preparation: commitment to change, high motivation
Action: engage in new behaviour, lots of support, strong risk of relapse
Maintenance: change sustained, focus on relapse prevention, less support

Research on the model mostly on smoking cessation.
Moving through stages involves integration of other theories and external forces to facilitate

Limitations: research suggest cog processes involved in stopping behaviour different to starting behaviours - so less generalisable

Question 4

What is the Self-Determination Theory?

Answer 4

Stage theory. Theory of motivation involving reward structures
Env-> need satisfaction-> motivation-> outcome
Influence of social factors on motivation mediated by psych needs: autonomy, competence, relatedness
Motivation varies on a continuum from intrinsic to extrinsic

Intervention: psychological need supporting, environmental changes to support psych need leads to change in intrinsic motivation