Health and social care theorists Flashcards
Cummins & Henery’s Social disengagement theory
In their theory, they said proposed that older people naturally withdrawn from social involvement as they get older.
Cummings further argued that older people experience reduced social contact & become increasingly individual individual & less concerned with others expectations.
The Theory of Disengagement (Bromely Disengagement)
He said the majority of older people remain socially active & involved with family + friends.
Bromley disagreed with Cummins theory as some elderly individuals may disengagement socially due to injury + illness.
Havighurst’s Activity Theory
His ill health study of older people showed that rather than an inevitable decline in interest in life & insolation, older people tend to adjust to the ageing process.
His theory is based on the assumption that social & psychological needs of older people remain the same.
Holmes-Rahe’s Social readjustment rating scale
Holmes-Rahe developed a questionnaire called the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) which identified major stressful life event.
They asked individuals to score how the events they had experienced affected their stress levels.
Higher the score the more likely hood of having a breakdown.
Gesell’s Maturation theory
Gesell created method to track children’s development. This is known as Milestones. He created the milestone through observing a large group of children & observed what children could do at each age group.
He also disused principles of development (physical).
1. From head to toe.
2.From the inside to the outside.
3.in the same sequence but at different rates.
4.holistically - areas of development are dependent on and influence each other.
Schaffer & Emerson’s sequence of attachment
They suggests that babies are most likely to form attachment to care-givers who respond effectively to their signals.
They said the most important factors in forming attachment, therefore, is not the adult who feeds & changes the baby but the adult who plays + communities with them.
Schaffer & Emerson’s stages of attachment
up to 3 mths > most babies respond indiscriminately to any care giver.
3 to 7 mths > notice differences between their career & other people.
7 up to 9 mths > this is when the infant looks to people for security comfort and protection
9 mths > baby starts to be come more independent & forms several attachment (multiple attachment)
Robertson’s theory of attachment
Robertson worked alongside Bowbly. They observed that children experienced intense distress when separated from their mothers.
They also observed even when such children were fed by other caregivers, this did not diminish the child’s anxiety.
