health and disease Flashcards
how is cholera spread
via contaminated water sources
how to reduce spread of cholera
make sure people have access to clean water supplies
HOW is tuberculosis spread
through the air when infected individuals cough
how to reduce transmission of tuberculosis
infected should avoid public spaces and stay at home
how is malaria spread
mosquitos
how to prevent transmission of malaria
use of mosquito nets and insect repellents
how is stomach ulcers spread
oral transmission
how to prevent transmission of stomach ulcers
have clean water supplies and good hygeine
how is ebola spread
via bodily fluids
how to prevent transmission of Ebola
isolating the infected individuals and sterilising the areas with the virus
how is Chalara ash dieback spread
carried by the wind
how to prevent transmission of Chalara ash dieback
remove the infected ash trees
discribe the lyctic pathway of virus
-virus attaches to cell receptors
-it injects its genome into host cells
-viruses use enzymes of host cell to duplicate its genome and proteins
-viral genome and proteins assemble, creating new viral particles
-the virus will lyse(burst) the cell to infect more
what is the lysogenic pathway of virus
-virus attaches to cell receptors
-it injects genome into host cells
-it insets its genome into cells genome.it may then stay in this phase for a long time. every time cell duplicates, it duplicates the viral genome
-viral genome dettaches from cell genome and start assembling viral particles
-the virus will lyse( burst) the cell to infect more
what is chlamydia
it is an STI
what is the result of Chlamydia
it causes infertility in men and women
how to prevent Chlamydia
it can be reduced by wearing a condom
what type of virus is HIV
it is an STI
what is AIDS
this is when a persons immune system deteriorates and fails. this person will become vunerable to infections
How is HIV spread
it is spread via bodily fluids
how to prevent HIV
-use a condom
what is Quinine
it comes from the bark of the cinchona tree and it is the main treatment for malaria
what is aspirin
it is used to relieve pain and fever and it is developed from the bark of willow trees
what are some examples of physical barriers against pathogens
Hairs, mucus, blood clots
what are some examples of chemical barriers against pathogens
hydrochloric acid made in stomach, lysozyme found in tears
how does your immune system attack pathogens
-when B-lymphocytes find a pathogen, they produce antibodies which will lock onto the pathogens anitgens. this means that is will be found and eaten
by phagocytes . then, memory lymphocytes will be produced to remember what type of antibody to make for the specific type of antigen.
what is the formula for BMI
mass/height^2
what is cardiovascular disease
this is when cholestrol builds up in your arteries, restricting blood flow
what are stents?
they are tubes that are inserted in your arteries which keeps them open so blood can pass through. this reduces the risk of heart attack
what are the effects of cholera
diarrhoea
what are the effects of tuberculosis
coughing and lung damage
what are the effects of malaria
damage to red blood cells and to the liver
what are the effects of stomach ulcers
stomach pain, nausea and vomiting
what are the effects of ebola
haemorrhagic fever(a fever with bleeding)
what are the effects of chalara ash back
leaf loss and bark lesions (wounds)
what is HIV
this is a virus that attacks and destroys B lymphocytes.
this can then lead to AIDS
