health and disease

Question 1

how is cholera spread

Answer 1

via contaminated water sources

Question 2

how to reduce spread of cholera

Answer 2

make sure people have access to clean water supplies

Question 3

HOW is tuberculosis spread

Answer 3

through the air when infected individuals cough

Question 4

how to reduce transmission of tuberculosis

Answer 4

infected should avoid public spaces and stay at home

Question 5

how is malaria spread

Answer 5

mosquitos

Question 6

how to prevent transmission of malaria

Answer 6

use of mosquito nets and insect repellents

Question 7

how is stomach ulcers spread

Answer 7

oral transmission

Question 8

how to prevent transmission of stomach ulcers

Answer 8

have clean water supplies and good hygeine

Question 9

how is ebola spread

Answer 9

via bodily fluids

Question 10

how to prevent transmission of Ebola

Answer 10

isolating the infected individuals and sterilising the areas with the virus

Question 11

how is Chalara ash dieback spread

Answer 11

carried by the wind

Question 12

how to prevent transmission of Chalara ash dieback

Answer 12

remove the infected ash trees

Question 13

discribe the lyctic pathway of virus

Answer 13

-virus attaches to cell receptors
-it injects its genome into host cells
-viruses use enzymes of host cell to duplicate its genome and proteins
-viral genome and proteins assemble, creating new viral particles
-the virus will lyse(burst) the cell to infect more

Question 14

what is the lysogenic pathway of virus

Answer 14

-virus attaches to cell receptors
-it injects genome into host cells
-it insets its genome into cells genome.it may then stay in this phase for a long time. every time cell duplicates, it duplicates the viral genome
-viral genome dettaches from cell genome and start assembling viral particles
-the virus will lyse( burst) the cell to infect more

Question 15

what is chlamydia

Answer 15

it is an STI

Question 16

what is the result of Chlamydia

Answer 16

it causes infertility in men and women

Question 17

how to prevent Chlamydia

Answer 17

it can be reduced by wearing a condom

Question 18

what type of virus is HIV

Answer 18

it is an STI

Question 19

what is AIDS

Answer 19

this is when a persons immune system deteriorates and fails. this person will become vunerable to infections

Question 20

How is HIV spread

Answer 20

it is spread via bodily fluids

Question 21

how to prevent HIV

Answer 21

-use a condom

Question 22

what is Quinine

Answer 22

it comes from the bark of the cinchona tree and it is the main treatment for malaria

Question 23

what is aspirin

Answer 23

it is used to relieve pain and fever and it is developed from the bark of willow trees

Question 24

what are some examples of physical barriers against pathogens

Answer 24

Hairs, mucus, blood clots

Question 25

what are some examples of chemical barriers against pathogens

Answer 25

hydrochloric acid made in stomach, lysozyme found in tears

Question 26

how does your immune system attack pathogens

Answer 26

-when B-lymphocytes find a pathogen, they produce antibodies which will lock onto the pathogens anitgens. this means that is will be found and eaten by phagocytes . then, memory lymphocytes will be produced to remember what type of antibody to make for the specific type of antigen.

Question 27

what is the formula for BMI

Answer 27

mass/height^2

Question 28

what is cardiovascular disease

Answer 28

this is when cholestrol builds up in your arteries, restricting blood flow

Question 29

what are stents?

Answer 29

they are tubes that are inserted in your arteries which keeps them open so blood can pass through. this reduces the risk of heart attack

Question 30

what are the effects of cholera

Answer 30

diarrhoea

Question 31

what are the effects of tuberculosis

Answer 31

coughing and lung damage

Question 32

what are the effects of malaria

Answer 32

damage to red blood cells and to the liver

Question 33

what are the effects of stomach ulcers

Answer 33

stomach pain, nausea and vomiting

Question 34

what are the effects of ebola

Answer 34

haemorrhagic fever(a fever with bleeding)

Question 35

what are the effects of chalara ash back

Answer 35

leaf loss and bark lesions (wounds)

Question 36

what is HIV

Answer 36

this is a virus that attacks and destroys B lymphocytes. this can then lead to AIDS