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biology paper 1 > cells > Flashcards

cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are eukaryotic cells

A

They are complex cells. Eg: plant and animal cells

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2
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

They are small and simple cells. Eg: bacteria cells

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3
Q

Nucleus:

A

Contains genetic info which controls the activities of the cell

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

This is where most of the cells reactions happen

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5
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

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6
Q

Mitochondria

A

This where reputation occurs and the cell gets its energy from here

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7
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis occurs here

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8
Q

Cell wall

A

It supports and strengthens cell

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9
Q

Vacuole

A

Contains cell sap and also maintains the internal pressure or cell

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10
Q

Chloroplast

A

This is where photosynthesis occurs

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11
Q

What is chromosomal DNA in the bacteria

A

It is one long circular piece of DNA which floats freely in the cell

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12
Q

Flagellum

A

A long hair like structure used by the bacteria for movement

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13
Q

Facts about egg cell:

A
  1. Contains nutrients in the cytoplasm to feed the embryo
  2. Has a haploid nucleus
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14
Q

Facts about sperm cell

A
  • Has a long tail for movement
  • Lots of mitochondria in the middle section so it has energy
  • Has acrosome on the head which has enzymes to digest into the egg
  • It is a haploid
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15
Q

Where are stem cells found?

A

Bone marrow

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16
Q

Where is meristems found?

A

Plant tissues

17
Q

How can stem cells be used in medicine

A

If a person has a disease, doing a bone marrow transplant gives the body stem cells can help as they can become specialised into cells which are needed

18
Q

What are some risks of bone marrow transplant

A
  • Tumour development- this is because the stem cells can divide too quicky causing a Tumour to develope
  • rejection- the body may recognize the stem cells as foreign which can trigger an immune response
19
Q

What is cell differentiation

A

This is when a stem cell become specialised

20
Q

What is cancer

A

Uncontrolled cell division

21
Q

What are haploid cells

A

This is a cell which contains half the number of chromosomes (23)

22
Q

What are diploid cells

A

Cell which contains 46 chromosomes

23
Q

What is a gamete

A

Sex cell

24
Q

What is a zygote

A

Fertilized egg cell

biology paper 1 (14 decks)

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