Health

Question 1

health

Answer 1

is a complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing.

Question 2

epidemiology

Answer 2

The measurement of health on a population basis
The study of the frequency, distribution and causes of infectious and non-infectious disease in a population, based on an investigation of the physical and social environment.

Question 3

Morbidity

Answer 3

The number of causes of a disease that exist at some given point in time.

Question 4

Incidence

Answer 4

The number of new casas at a given time.

Question 5

prevalence

Answer 5

The total number of existing cases at a given time.

Question 6

mortality

Answer 6

The number of deaths due to a particular cause.

Question 7

health psychology

Answer 7

Health psychology is devoted to understanding psychological influences on:

- How people stay healthy 
- Why people become ill 
- How people respond when they do become ill

Question 8

biopsychosocial model

Answer 8

• Focuses on the system
• Fundamental assumption that health and illness are consequences of the interplay of:
  ○ Biological
  ○ Psychological
  ○ Social factors
  Summary:
  
  • Health habits can be understood only within the patient’s psychological and social context.
  • Biological, psychological and social factors all contribute to recovery when a person is ill.

Question 9

Instability of health behaviours

Answer 9

○ Different health habits are controlled by different factors
○ Different factors control the same behaviour for different people.
○ Factors may change over the history of the behaviour
○ Factors change across a lifetime
○ Health behaviour patterns vary substantially across the lifetime for each person.

Question 10

socialisation

Answer 10

The process by which people learn the norms, rules and beliefs associated with their family and society

Question 11

Stress

Answer 11

Stress has both psychological and physiological components and consequences.

Question 12

general adaption syndrome

Answer 12

• Series of bodily reactions to prolonged stress; occurs in three stages
  ○ Alarm reaction: Body resources are mobilised to cope with added stress.
  ○ Stage of resistance: body adjusts to stress but at a high physical cost; resistance to other stressors is lowered.
  ○ Stage of exhaustion; body’s resources are drained and stress hormones are depleted, possibly resulting in psychosomatic disease, loss of health, or complete collapse.

Question 13

primary appraisal

Answer 13

deciding if a situation is relevant or irrelevant, positive or threatening.

Question 14

secondary appraisal

Answer 14

assess resources and decide how to cope with a threat or challenge.

Question 15

problem focused coping

Answer 15

○ Problem-focused coping strategies represent actions that have the goal of changing or eliminating the stressor.

Question 16

confrontive coping

Answer 16

aggressive/risky efforts

Question 17

planful problem solving

Answer 17

rationalising and analysing

Question 18

psychosocial approaches to coping

Answer 18

• Motivational interviewing
• Cognitive behavioural therapy
• Drugs
• Stepped care is recommended

Question 19

escape avoidance strategy

Answer 19

involves shifting your attention away from the stressor and toward other activities

Question 20

seeking social support

Answer 20

involves turning to friends, relatives, or other people for emotional, tangible, or informational support

Question 21

distancing

Answer 21

In distancing, you acknowledge the stressor but attempt to minimize or eliminate its emotional impact

Question 22

denial

Answer 22

Denial is a refusal to acknowledge that the problem even exists

Question 23

positive reappraisal

Answer 23

occurs when you not only try to minimize the negative emotional aspects of the situation, but also try to create positive meaning by focusing on personal growth.