Behaviourism

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

An enduring change in the way an organism responds based on its experiences. Includes a change of behaviour that endures over time, necessary for survival.

Question 2

Classical Conditioning

Answer 2

• Introduced by Pavlov
• Association of neutral stimulus with a stimulus that leads to a reflective response.
• In classical conditioning, all responses are involuntary.
• In CC, what happens before a behaviour is the most important for learning.

Question 3

Classical Conditioning of Emotional Responses

Answer 3

• Phobias can be learned.

- If a response is conditioned to one stimulus, the organism may also respond to a similar stimulus.

Question 4

Extinction

Answer 4

The weakening of the conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 5

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 5

The re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response.

Question 6

Operant Conditioning

Answer 6

Learning through reinforcement and punishment.

The consequences or what happens after a behaviour is most important for learning.

Question 7

Limitations of positive punishment

Answer 7

• Demonstrates what behaviour is wrong, but doesn’t show what to do instead.
• Physical punishment can injure or kill.

Question 8

Shaping and Chaining

Answer 8

Shaping produces novel behaviour by reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the desired response.

Question 9

Latent Learning

Answer 9

Learning that has occurred but is not manifested in behaviour.