Healing and Repair 2. Flashcards
When does primary healing occur?
When the edges of the wound lie quite close to each other.
When does secondary healing occur?
When there is a very large gap between the wound edges.
The intervening tissue must be filled in before the skin can join back together.
What are the 6 steps in primary healing?
Clot formation.
Inflammatory response.
Fibroblast and endothelial cell proliferation.
Continuity of blood flow.
Epithelial regeneration.
Collagen formation.
What occurs during clot formation?
The gap between the opposed tissues becomes sealed with coagulated blood.
What occurs during the inflammatory response of healing?
There will be inflammation around the wound.
This means we will see immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages.
When do macrophages appear at a site of inflammation?
When it becomes chronic.
What happens during the fibroblast and endothelial cell proliferation of healing?
These 2 cell types form a lattice like formation to help stabilise the injured tissue.
What happens in healing once the granulation tissue has been formed?
We get blood vessels from one side of the wound joining up with blood vessels on the other side of the wound.
What is neo-vascularisation?
The process by which blood vessels on one side of a wound join up with blood vessels on the other side of a wound.
What happens in the epithelial regeneration stage of healing?
Epithelial cells grow on top of the granulation tissue.
What is collagen formation also known as?
Scarring
What is the point of collagen formation during wound healing?
It strengthens the injury site.
What are the 7 steps of secondary healing?
Fibrosis.
Blood coagulation.
Inflammatory response.
Fibrin deposition in the wound.
Granulation tissue proceeds from the edges to completely fill the wound.
Fibrous connective tissue forms.
Collagen contraction.
What 2 things are lost in injury sites that have undergone secondary healing?
The adnexa.
Some vascular components.
What are 5 things that affect healing?
The strength of the stimuli for cell proliferation.
Physiologic conditions.
The mobility of the tissue.
The tissue type.
Immunodeficiencies.
What is important about the stimulus for healing?
The amount of stimulus, as too much healing leads too proud flesh and too little does not solve the problem.
What is essential for healing stimuli to function correctly?
Good perfusion to the area.
This is why we don’t make bandages too tight.
Getting rid of what from a wound will help lead to an appropriate healing stimuli?
Dead tissue.
What can we use to increase healing stimuli?
Drugs.
What vitamin affects protein and collagen synthesis?
Vitamin C.
What are 4 factors that affect healing speed?
Nutrition.
Stress.
Blood supply.
Temperature.
How do steroids affect healing time?
They slow it down.
Is it best for animals to rest areas of the body if there is an injury to a mobile area?
Yes.
Where do primary immunodeficiencies arise from?
They are inherited.
