Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AY Neurology > Headache > Flashcards

Headache Flashcards

1
Q

What type of drugs are the triptans?

A

5HT1 antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are migraines more common with or without aura?

A

Without (70%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does pregnancy tend to exacerbate or cause remission from migraines?

A

Remission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Overuse of which medications can cause headaches?

A

Triptans
Opioids
Combination analgesics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What medications should be avoid when treating pain in migraine?

A

Opioids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the red flags when taking a headache history?

A 
New onset headache > 55y/o
Known/previous malignancy 
Immuno-suppressed
Early morning headache
Exacerbation by Valsalva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common type of migraine?

A

Without aura = 80%

With aura = 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is migraine diagnosed?

A

At least 5 attacks
Duration 4-72 hours
2 of (unilateral, moderate/severe, pulsatile, worse on movement)
1 of (Autonomic features, photophobia/phonophobia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the pathophysiology of migraine without aura ?

A

Stress triggers serotonin release
Blood vessels constrict & dilate
Chemicals irritate nerves and blood vessels causing pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the pathophysiology of migraine with aura?

A

Cortical spreading depolarization
Activate trigeminal vascular system - dilate cranial blood vessels
Release of substance P, neurokinin A, CGRP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the migraine centre in the brain?

A

Dorsal raphe nucleus

Locus coenucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an aura?

A

Fully reversible visual, sensory, motor or language symptom (Visual most common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can trigger a migraine?

A 
Sleep 
Diet
Stress
Hormonal
Physical exertion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the treatment of a mild/moderate migraine?

A

NSAID or aspirin (second line= paracetamol-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment of a severe migraine?

A

Prochlorperazine suppository & diclofenacsuppository
or
SC Sumatriptan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is migraine prophylaxis indicated?

A

> 3 attacks a month

17
Q

What are the options for migraine prophylaxis?

A

Propranolol
Topiramate
Amitriptyline

18
Q

What are the side effects of amitrptyline?

A

Dry mouth
Postural hypotension
Sedation

19
Q

What type of drug is topiramate?

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

20
Q

What are the side effects of topiramate?

A

(Start slowly_
Weight loss
Paraesthesia
Impaired concentration

21
Q

When should propranolol be avoided?

A

Asthma
PVD
Heart failure

22
Q

Why is CHC contraindicated in women with migraine with aura?

A

Both have stroke risk

23
Q

What is the first line relief for migraine in pregnancy?

A

Paracetamol

24
Q

What are the ipsilateral cranial autonomic features that might present in TACs?

A 
Ptosis
Miosis
Nasal stuffiness
Nausea/vomiting
Tearing 
Eye lid oedea
25
Q

What are the 4 main types of TACs?

A

Cluster
Paroxysmal hemicranias
Hemicrania continua
SUNCT

26
Q

What patients tend to get cluster headaches?

A

Young (30s-40s)

Men > women

27
Q

What is distinctive about the timings of cluster headaches?

A

Circadian & seasonal variation

28
Q

How are cluster headaches diagnosed?

A

At least 5 attacks
Severe unilateral orbital, supraobrital and or tempora pain lasting 1-10mins if untreated
Accompanied by ipsilateral autonomic dysfunction
Attacks have a frequency of 1-8 a day

29
Q

What is the acute treatment of a cluster headache?

A

SC sumatriptan
or
Nasal zolmitriptan

30
Q

What is the transition treatment for cluster headache?

A

Steroids (reducing course over 2 weeks)

31
Q

What is the prophylactic treatment for cluster headaches?

A

Verapamil (requires ECG monitoring)

32
Q

What patients tend to get paroxysmal hemicrania?

A

Elderly (50s-60s)

Women > men

33
Q

How does paroxysmal hemicrania present?

A

Severe unilateral headache with unilateral autonomic features
10-30 mins
1 to 40 a day

34
Q

What is the treatment for paroxysmal hemicrania?

A

Indomethacin

35
Q

What does SUNCT stand for?

A 
S = Short lived (15-120 secs)
U= Unilateral
N= Neuralgia form headache 
C = Conjunctival injection 
T = Tearing
36
Q

What is the treatment for SUNCT?

A

Lamotrigine

Gabapentin

37
Q

What individuals are most prone to trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Elderly (>60)

Women > men

38
Q

What are the clinical features of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Severe stabbing unilateral pain
1-90 secs
10-100 a day

39
Q

What are the features of a tension headache?

A 
Bilateral
Pressing/tightening quality 
Mild/moderate intensity 
Not aggravated by physical activity 
No nausea or vomiting

AY Neurology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions