Head & Neck radiology Flashcards
What are the six common imaging modalities used in ENT?
Plain radiography Contrast studies Ultrasound CT MRI Nuclear medicine
What are the three main uses of plain radiography?
Lateral soft tissue of neck
Facial views (Maxillofacial)
OPT (Dental assessment – Can see all of the mandible)
What is the roof of the nasopharynx close to?
Intra-cranial contents
Where is the oral cavity border with the oropharyngeal?
Anterior border of the pallantine tonsils
What types of contrast are used for imaging?
Barium and iodine based water soluble contrast media
Where do you not want barium?
Outside the GI tract
What are sialograms?
A test used to diagnose a blocked salivary gland or duct in your mouth
What are sinograms?
A test to look for openings in the skin
What are sialectesis’ and how do they arise?
Little structures throughout the salivary system
Cystic dilation of the ducts of salivary glands that can be caused by salivary duct strictures or stones (sialolithiasis)
What tube is used for short-term and what is used for long-term?
NG tube - Short-term
PEG tube - Long-term
What types of ultrasound can be done?
Solid vs Cystic
Vascularity (Doppler) vs Ultrasound guided FNA
What are the features of a benign lymph node?
Oval with nice sharp boundaries and a nice bright centre
What are the features of cystic nodes, with microcalcification in thyroid mets?
Irregular, round rather regular and dulled centre
What will a parathyroid adenoma cause?
High calcium
What do adenomas function separately from?
Calcium levels
What is seen in people with a high number of CTs?
Early cataract formation
What is a subperiosteal collection?
An emergency in ENT where a child’s eye sticks out and the pus must be sucked out
What are paragangliomas?
Parotid body tumour that are multiple and often bilateral
What happens in an MRI with children?
No radiation (children) with tissue characterisation
What are the sequences in MRI?
T1
T2
STIR
What is seen in PET scans?
Cancer cells metabolise glucose faster than normal calls PET not specific to cancer – Inflammation also has high glucose metabolism
When should PET scans not be done?
The 3 months post cancer treatment
