Anatomy & Physiology of the Throat Flashcards
Where are the adenoids found?
At the back of the nasopharynx
What can a bifid uvula lead to?
Structures in the soft and hard palate splitting causing cleft palate
What is stenson’s duct?
The parotid duct that pierces the buccinator muscle, then opening up into the oral cavity on the inner surface of the cheek, usually opposite the maxillary second molar
What is wharton’s duct?
The submandibular duct that lies superior to the digastric muscle
How are the submandibular glands divided and by what is it divided?
Superficial and deep
Mylohyoid muscle
What nerve supplies the general somatic afferent innervation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
Lingual nerve
What is the lingual nerve?
A branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
It also carries the chorda tympani nerve of the facial nerve, which provides special sensation (taste) to the anterior 2/3 part of the tongue
What are the five functions of the oral cavity?
Taste Mastication Speech Digestion Swallowing
What is the anterior 2/3 of the tongue innervated by?
Sensation by lingual nerve
Taste by chroda tympani (Branch of CN VII)
What is the posterior 1/3 of the tongue innervated by?
Glossopharyngeal - CN IX
What are the four types of papillae in the tongue and which one doesn’t contain taste buds?
Filliform
Fungiform - Dorsum of tongue
Folliate
Circumvillate - In a row just anterior to the sulcus terminalis
What effect do the intrinsic and extrinsic muscle have on the tongue?
Intrinsic - Alter shape
Extrinsic - Alter position
What are the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus
Tyloglossus
Hypoglossus
Palatoglossus
What nerves supply the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) for all except the Palatoglossus Pharyngeal plexus (CN IX-X) supplies the the Palatoglossus
What are the oropharynx boundaries?
Lower border of soft palate to upper margin of epiglottis
Palatoglossal arch to posterior pharyngeal wall
Lateral: Facial pillars & palatine tonsils
What type of epithelium is found in the oropharynx?
Stratified, non-keratinised squamous epithelium
What is the nerve supply of the oropharynx?
Pharyngeal plexus (CN IX-X)
What arteries and nerve supply the hypopharynx?
Superior Thyroid Artery, Lingual Artery & Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
Pharyngeal plexus
What are the boundaries of the hypopharynx?
Superior margin of epiglottis to lower border of cricoid cartilage, it is continuous with the oesophagus & the anterior wall is bordered to the back of larynx
What are the three subsites of the hypopharynx?
Pyriform sinus
Post-cricoid area
Posterior pharyngeal wall
What are the three functions of the larynx?
Part of the respiratory tract
Voice
Swallowing
Where is the supraglottis and what is present there?
Superior tip of the epiglottis to the floor of the ventricular fold Junction of respiratory and squamous epithelium
Where is the glottis?
Begins superiorly at the true vocal fold and extends inferiorly to a horizontal plane 5mm inferior to the vocal cord
Where is the subglottis?
Begins 5 mm below the free edge of the true vocal cord and proceeds to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
