Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head & Neck > Allergy > Flashcards

Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

What is allergy and what are the two most common types in the UK?

A

A hypersensitive disorder of the immune system

Asthma & Allergic rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do allergic reactions normally occur to?

A

Harmless environmental substances known as allergens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the allergic reaction?

A

An exaggerated or inappropriate immune reaction and causes damage to the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the allergic reaction trigger?

A

An IgE mediated response of mast cells and subsequent accumulation of inflammatory cells at sites of antigen deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the first allergen exposure?

A

Response with T cells and B cells producing IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the IgE-specific receptor contain?

A

Mast cells and basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the acute response cause release of? (5)

A 
Histamines
Cytokines
Interleukins
Leukotrienes
Prostaglandins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does degranulation in the acute response cause>

A

Systemic effects - Vasodilation, Mucous secretion, Nerve stimulation & Smooth muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the late phase response and how does it happpen?

A

Occurs 2-4 hours after exposure

Due to migration of other leukocytes such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages to the initial site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can symptoms be?

A

Localised - Asthama in respiratory system
OR
Systemic - Eczema to the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction? (11)

A 
Sneezing 
Nasal congestion
Runny nose
Swelling & Tenderness of the mouth
Difficulty breathing
Flushing or rash
Burning & Itching of skin
Hives
Nausea/Vomiting
Abdominal cramps
Diarhhoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are four common food allergens?

A

Peanuts
Eggs
Milk
Dairy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are three host risk factors?

A

Heredity
Race
Age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are four environmental factors?

A

Exposure to infectious diseases in early childhood
Environmental pollution
Allergen levels
Dietary changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the skin test?

A

Responses to known allergens – High NPV, up to 15% false positives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a RAST?

A

Presence and levels of allergen-specific IgE

17
Q

What are the three treatment methods for allergic reactions?

A

Allergen avoidance
Pharmacotherapy
Immunotherapy

18
Q

What is pharmacotherapy?

A

Several drugs to prevent the activation of cells and degranulation processes or to block the action of allergic mediators

19
Q

What drugs are used in pharmacotherapy?

A

Antihistamines, Glucocorticoids Epinephrine

Theophylline Cromolyn sodium & Antileukotrienes

20
Q

What is immunotherapy?

A

Controlled exposure to known allergens to reduce the severity of the allergy

21
Q

How does desensitisation work?

A

Vaccinated with progressively larger doses of the allergen

22
Q

What does increasing IgG antibody production block?

A

Excessive IgE production

23
Q

What is allergic rhinitis?

A

Allergic inflammation of the nasal airways

24
Q

What are the two classifications of allergic rhinitis?

A

Seasonal

Perrenial

25
Q

What is type I hypersensitivity?

A

Reactions mediated by IgE antibodies

Rapid reaction - Within minutes of exposure

26
Q

What is type II hypersensitivity?

A

Cytotoxic reactions occur when IgM or IgG antibodies bind to antigen on the surface of cells and activate the complement cascade, which culminates in destruction of the cells

27
Q

What is type III hypersensitivity?

A

Immune complex reactions occur when complexes of antigen and IgM or IgG antibody accumulate in the circulation or in tissue and activate the complement cascade
Occurs within hours of exposure to antigen

28
Q

What is type IV hypersensitivity?

A

Cell-Mediated Immunity reaction, also called delayed –type hypersensitivity reaction, is mediated by T lymphocytes

Head & Neck (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions