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Quiz 6 > Head & Neck > Flashcards

Head & Neck Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of pharyngeal arches exist in the pharyngeal apparatus?

A

5

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2
Q

Which pharnyngeal arch regresses before completing development?

A

the 5th pharyngeal arch

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3
Q

How many clefts exist within the pharyngeal apparatus?

A

3

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4
Q

How many pouches exist within the pharyngeal apparatus?

A

4 or 5

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5
Q

What two structures compose the membrane (closing plates) of the pharyngeal apparatus?

A

clefts and pouches

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6
Q

Arch 1 contains which muscular components?

A

muscles of mastication

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7
Q

Arch 2 contains which muscular components?

A

muscles of facial expression

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8
Q

Arch 3 contains which muscular components?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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9
Q

Arch 4 contains which muscular components?

A

Pharyngeal constrictors and palatal muscles

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10
Q

Arch 6 contains which muscular componets?

A

all laryngeal muscles except for the cricothyroid

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11
Q

Which vessels does aortic arch 1 develop into?

A

The maxillary and external carotid arteries

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12
Q

Which vessels does aortic arch 2 develop into?

A

The stapedial and hyoid arteries

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13
Q

Which vessels does aortic arch 3 develop into?

A

The common and internal carotid arteries

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14
Q

Which structures arise from aortic arch 4?

A

The adult aortic arch and the subclavian artery

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15
Q

Which structures are formed from aortic arch 6?

A

The pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus

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16
Q

Meckel’s cartilage refers to cartilaginous components of which arch?

A

arch 1

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17
Q

What are the cartilaginous components of arch 1?

A

maxilla, mandible, temporal bone, as well as the malleus and the incus

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18
Q

Reichert’s cartilage refers to the cartilaginous components of which arch?

A

arch 2

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19
Q

What are the cartilaginous components of arch 2?

A

styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn and body of hyoid bone, as well as stapes

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20
Q

What are the cartilaginous components of arch 3?

A

greater horn and body of hyoid bone

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21
Q

What are the cartilaginous components of arch 4?

A

thyroid and cricoid cartilages

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22
Q

What are the cartilaginous components of arch 6?

A

arytenoid cartilages

23
Q

Which arch(es) does the trigeminal nerve innervate?

A

arch 1 (mastication)

24
Q

Which arch(es) does the facial nerve innervate?

A

arch 2 (facial expression)

25
Q

Which arch(es) does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate?

A

arch 3 (stylopharyngeus)

26
Q

Which arch(es) does the vagus nerve innervate?

A

arches 4 (pharynx) and 6 (larynx)

27
Q

In the event of deactivation/loss of Hox genes, how are pharyngeal arches impacted?

A

Neural crest cells fail to migrate, and all arches develop as pharyngeal arch 1

28
Q

Which arch forms the anterior 2/3 of the tongue epithelium?

A

arch 1

29
Q

Which arch forms the remaining 1/3 of tongue epithelium?

A

arch 3

30
Q

Which arch forms the midline swelling of the tongue (copula), but is covered by arch 3 derivatives as it grows?

A

arch 2

31
Q

Which arch forms the small portion of tongue at the back of the throat?

A

arch 4

32
Q

What gives rise to the muscles of the tongue?

A

occpital somites that migrate to the level of the tongue

33
Q

which pharyngeal cleft is the only cleft not obliterated in normal in development?

A

cleft 1

34
Q

what does pharyngeal cleft 1 give rise to?

A

external auditory meatus and part of tympanic membrane

35
Q

Which pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the lining of the crypts in palatine tonsils?

A

pharyngeal pouch 2

36
Q

Which pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the tympanic membrane and cavity (distal) as well as the eustachian tube (proximal)?

A

pharyngeal pouch 1

37
Q

What does the fourth pharyngeal pouch give rise to?

A

dorsal wing- superior parathyroid glands
ventral wing- ultimobranchial body (contains C cells of thyroid)

38
Q

What does the third pharyngeal pouch give rise to?

A

dorsal wing- inferior parathyroid glands
ventral wing- thymus

39
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A

the premature fusion of skull sutures

40
Q

What are signs/symptoms of Apert syndrome?

A

craniosynostosis, midface hypoplasia, hypertelorism, syndactyly of hands and feet, and hearing loss

41
Q

Apert syndrome typically involves a mutation in what gene?

A

FGFR2

42
Q

What is the difference between a syndrome and a sequence?

A

a syndrome denotes a combination of various abnormalities, while a sequence indicates a linear chain of abnormalities usually with a causal relationship (A -> B -> C -> D)

43
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of a thyroglossal duct cyst?

A

usually asymptomatic; but if infected may present with swelling and pus

44
Q

When do the maxillary processes fuse during palate formation?

A

They do not fuse

45
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve innervates arch 4?

A

the superior laryngeal nerve and pharyngeal branch of vagus

46
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve innervates arch 6?

A

the recurrent laryngeal nerve

47
Q

A cleft palate resulting from a failure to fuse involving the primary plate (intermaxillary segment) is found in what area of the palate?

A

anterior

48
Q

A cleft palate resulting from a failure to fuse involving the secondary plate (palatal shelves) is found in what area of the palate?

A

posterior

49
Q

What separates the oral cavity from the developing nasal sac?

A

the oronasal membrane?

50
Q

After the oronasal membrane ruptures, what develops to separate the oral and nasal cavities?

A

the secondary palate

51
Q

Which palate develops from the median nasal process?

A

the primary palate

52
Q

Where would a branchial cleft cyst be most likely to be found?

A

along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid

53
Q

Where would a thyroglossal duct cyst be most likely to be found?

A

between the thyroid and the tongue along the trachea

54
Q

What malformation most likely results in a cleft lip through the midline of the upper lip (philtrum)?

A

failure of two medial nasal prominences to fuse

Quiz 6 (11 decks)

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