Head injury

Question 1

Why do we see coma in truamtic brain injury that can lead to death?

Answer 1

truamtic brain injury enough to casue a come is associated with reduced CBF, —> death of brain cells

Question 2

Describe normal CBF auto regulation

Answer 2

Pre-csappilary vasculatrue constrict or dilateb

chsange inresponse to mean arterial pressure (cope 5-150mmHG)

Question 3

Describe the Monroe - kelly doctrine (ICP)

Answer 3

ICP determine dby vneous volime, arterial volume , brain CSF

normally- brain can alter CSF and venous drianage to compensate

• Compensated state- oedema/ SOL, CSF can leak out
• Decomopensated- cannot let anymore CSF or venous out, mass too large
• intrcranila pressur erise significanntkly- herniartion

Question 4

What type of bleed is this?

Answer 4

Extradural (epidrual)

Lentil shapape

dura pushed away from skull- MMA torn

Question 5

what type of bleed is this

Answer 5

sub dural hematoma

crescent shaped

Question 6

how would an epdirual hematoma and subdural hematoma present different

Answer 6

Epidural hematoma- rapdily expanding with arterial blood

subdural- slowly expanding with venous blood

Question 7

what is a contrecoup injury (contusion)

Answer 7

head hit at back- brain squashed against front of skull

Question 8

how would a brainoedema show on a CT scan?

Answer 8

Difficult to seperate white and grey matter

ventricles effaced

Question 9

what injury is this and what would cause it?

Answer 9

Diffuse axonal injury

shearing force (high velocty, deceleration)

CT- widepsrea haemorrhages, white areas across the brain

poor prognossi

Question 10

how is Brain death Classified?

Answer 10