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EXAM 3 FINAL > Head And Respiratory System > Flashcards

Head And Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Cleft palate can be congenital or Acquired

A

TRUE

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2
Q

What are the CS of Cleft Palate?

A

1) regurgitation of milk

2) associated with other orthopedic disease

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3
Q

What are some common causes of Cleft Palate in cattle?

A

1) Poison hemlock, and Nicotiana app
2) Reduce fetal movement
3) Iatrogenic (oropharyneal medication)

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4
Q

Are cleft palates common?

A

No

-but should be apart of every neonatal PE

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5
Q

Is tongue surgery commonly performed?

A

YEs

  • tongue lacerations common
  • heals fast
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6
Q

How can you prevent intersucking/Cross sucking in neonatal cattle?

A

Nose ring insertion

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7
Q

How would you treat nose ring dehiscence ?

A
  • debride
  • bilateral infraorbital foramina block
  • figure of 8 suture pattern
  • preplaced mattress sutures (non absorbable, remove in 10-14days)
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8
Q

Lip laceration/ fractured jaws

A

-stabilize with figure of 8 pattern

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9
Q

What type of bacteria is Actinomyces Boris, and what does it cause?

A
  • Gram positive
  • filamentous bacteria
  • Produce sulphuric Granules

LUMPY JAW

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10
Q

How would you treat Lumpy Jaw?

A

1) surgical resection of bones masses

2) Long term:
- Procaine Penicillin G injections
- Oral tetracyclines
- Antibiotic impregnated beads
- Sodium Iodide
- Organic iodide

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11
Q

What artery and nerve are we concerned with when Dehorning cattle?

A

Corneal Artery and Nerve

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12
Q

The Cornual nerve branches from what nerve?

A

ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL nerve

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13
Q

The Cornual Artery branches from what artery?

A

Superficial temporal artery

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14
Q

T/F: Cattle are more adversely affected by castration than they are dehorning

A

FALSE they are more affected by Dehorning than Castration

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15
Q

When Dehorning in the UK, analgesia if required if the animal is ____________.

A

> =7 days old

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16
Q

T/F: there is a decrease behavioral effect and cortisol rise decreases with CORNUAL block, when dehorning animals.

A

TRUE

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17
Q

T/F: you will have better control in larger animals (especially if hemostatis is required) if you use Analgesia when dehorning

A

TRUE

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18
Q

What Anesthesia/Analgesia is used when dehorning cattle?

A

1) 2% lidocaine
- 3-10ml/side
- reduces stress associated with dehorning

2) Fluixin Meglumine
- 2.2mg/kg IV only

3) Meloxicam 1mg/kg PO once
- 21d meat withholding time

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19
Q

How long must you withhold meat if cattle received 1mg/kg PO meloxicam for dehorning?

A

21days

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20
Q

What are 4 different ways for dehorning cattle?

A

1) Chemcial
2) Thermal (cautery)
3) Cutting
4) Genetic

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21
Q

When can you perform Chemical dehorning in cattle?

A

YOUNGER calves with NO sinus opening

-caustic paste (used within 3-7days)

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22
Q

When can you perform Thermal (cautery) dehorning?

A

YOUNGER calves NO sinus opening

-dehorning must fit around horn button

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23
Q

What tools can be used for Cutting (dehorning)?

A
  • tube
  • scoop/gouge
  • Keystone
  • Power
  • OB wire
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24
Q

What is the best method of dehorning?

A

GENETIC bruh

25
Q

How long should you cauterize for when dehorning a Young cattle?

A

HEAT until “Copper”

26
Q

Why must you be careful when cauterizing (dehorning) especially with small ruminants?

A
  • Their little brains are right under there

- they get heat stress

27
Q

When can you use a TUBE gouge Dehorner?

-WHY?

A
  • Calves <8 weeks old

* *

28
Q

What dehorner can be used on a calve thats 3m-1year old?

A

BARNs dehorner

  • go deep
  • need at least 1cm of skin at the base of the horn
29
Q

What type of method is the Keystone Dehorner?

A

Guillatine type method

  • large horns
  • not used often due to benefits of early dehorning
30
Q

Why do we dehorn cattle

A

Our safety and theirs

  • so they can fit through the chute
  • dont want to bruise the meat
31
Q

What is important when dehorning?

A

Must include 1 cm ring of haired skin

-be careful of the frontal sinus

32
Q

Describe the procedure of Cosmetic dehorning?

A

1) elliptical incision
2) sharply elevate skin
3) OB wire removes horn
4) Control hemorrhage
5) Lavage and close
- mattress
- simple interrupted
- continuous interlocking

33
Q

How can you avoid liodcaine toxicity with Goat dehorning ?

A

1ml lidocaine with 3cc sterile water

34
Q

What must you be cautious with when providing Goat analgesia for dehorning?

A

Lidocaine toxicity

35
Q

What is it called when removing horn buds from kids ?

A

Disbudding

36
Q

When Dehorning Goats what blocks must be performed?

A

Cornual Branch:
1) infratrochlear (SQ over orbit)

2)Lacrimal (1/2 way between eye and horn)

37
Q

When can you Disbud Buck kids?

A

3-5days

38
Q

When can you disbud Doe kids?

A

5-7 days

39
Q

What is the most common complication of dehorning?

A

HEMORRHAGE!!!
Treat:
-pulling/lighting the arteries (up to 4)

40
Q

Other than hemorrhage what complication can be seen when dehorning?
-what are the clinical signs

A

INFECTION

-febrile, lethargic, inappetant, +/- malodorous discharge

41
Q

How can you minimize infection during dehorning?

A

Avoid dehorning during the fly season

42
Q

What is the most common complication to dehorning second to hemorrhage?

A

Infection

  • Acute/chronic
  • FRONTAL sinus most commonly affected (extends into hornat 4-6 mos)
43
Q

At what age does the frontal sinus extend into the horn in cattle?

A

4-6 months of age

44
Q

Which sinus is most commonly affected with sinusitis from dehorning?

A

FRONTAL sinus

45
Q

What are the clinical signs of Sinusitis from dehorning in cattle?

A

1) Nasal discharge
2) discharge from dehorning site
3) factual distortion
4) Halitosis
5) Dull sinus percussion

46
Q

What is the most common bacteria cultured from a sinus infection from dehorning?

A

Trueperella progenies

47
Q

What is the most common bacteria cultured from the sinus unrelated to dehorning?

A

Pasteurella multocida

48
Q

How do you treat sinusitis

A

1) open drainage and lavage
2) standing procedure with local anesthetic
3) trphine holes in sinus
4) lavage (LRS, 0.9% NaCl) large volumes

49
Q

What can be used to create a large opening into the frontal sinus to lavage the sinus?

A

Trephination

-Galt 19mm trephine

50
Q

What is the prognosis for trephination for sinus lavage?

A

GOOD unless CNS signs present

51
Q

T/F: tipping horns is not innocuous

A

True

52
Q

How would you treat Arytenoid chondrites?

A

Medical management

-Sodium Iodide

53
Q

What bacteria is typically cultured from arytenoid condritis?

A

Fusobacterium necroforum

-anaerobic

54
Q

What clinical signs should you look for with an cattle that has arytenoid chondrites?

A
  • Roaring

- Stinky

55
Q

If you must perform surgery for arytenoid chondritis, what approach should be taken?

A

Laryngotomy

-dorsal recumbancy

56
Q

describe the laryngotomy approach for arytenoid chondritis.

A

1) oval skin incision
2) sharp excision of cricoid and 3 rings

He doesn’t recommend this

57
Q

Describe the procedure for tracheostomy.

A

Emergency procedure

1) incision at junction of cranial and middle 1/3 of neck
2) split paired muscles
3) incise annular liagment

DO NOT transects more than 50% of the diameter of the trachea

4) NSAIDS/antibiotics
5) treatment o underlying condition

58
Q

How much of the diameter of the trachea can you transects during a tracheostomy?

A

<50%

EXAM 3 FINAL (19 decks)

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