Head And Respiratory System Flashcards
T/F: Cleft palate can be congenital or Acquired
TRUE
What are the CS of Cleft Palate?
1) regurgitation of milk
2) associated with other orthopedic disease
What are some common causes of Cleft Palate in cattle?
1) Poison hemlock, and Nicotiana app
2) Reduce fetal movement
3) Iatrogenic (oropharyneal medication)
Are cleft palates common?
No
-but should be apart of every neonatal PE
Is tongue surgery commonly performed?
YEs
- tongue lacerations common
- heals fast
How can you prevent intersucking/Cross sucking in neonatal cattle?
Nose ring insertion
How would you treat nose ring dehiscence ?
- debride
- bilateral infraorbital foramina block
- figure of 8 suture pattern
- preplaced mattress sutures (non absorbable, remove in 10-14days)
Lip laceration/ fractured jaws
-stabilize with figure of 8 pattern
What type of bacteria is Actinomyces Boris, and what does it cause?
- Gram positive
- filamentous bacteria
- Produce sulphuric Granules
LUMPY JAW
How would you treat Lumpy Jaw?
1) surgical resection of bones masses
2) Long term:
- Procaine Penicillin G injections
- Oral tetracyclines
- Antibiotic impregnated beads
- Sodium Iodide
- Organic iodide
What artery and nerve are we concerned with when Dehorning cattle?
Corneal Artery and Nerve
The Cornual nerve branches from what nerve?
ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL nerve
The Cornual Artery branches from what artery?
Superficial temporal artery
T/F: Cattle are more adversely affected by castration than they are dehorning
FALSE they are more affected by Dehorning than Castration
When Dehorning in the UK, analgesia if required if the animal is ____________.
> =7 days old
T/F: there is a decrease behavioral effect and cortisol rise decreases with CORNUAL block, when dehorning animals.
TRUE
T/F: you will have better control in larger animals (especially if hemostatis is required) if you use Analgesia when dehorning
TRUE
What Anesthesia/Analgesia is used when dehorning cattle?
1) 2% lidocaine
- 3-10ml/side
- reduces stress associated with dehorning
2) Fluixin Meglumine
- 2.2mg/kg IV only
3) Meloxicam 1mg/kg PO once
- 21d meat withholding time
How long must you withhold meat if cattle received 1mg/kg PO meloxicam for dehorning?
21days
What are 4 different ways for dehorning cattle?
1) Chemcial
2) Thermal (cautery)
3) Cutting
4) Genetic
When can you perform Chemical dehorning in cattle?
YOUNGER calves with NO sinus opening
-caustic paste (used within 3-7days)
When can you perform Thermal (cautery) dehorning?
YOUNGER calves NO sinus opening
-dehorning must fit around horn button
What tools can be used for Cutting (dehorning)?
- tube
- scoop/gouge
- Keystone
- Power
- OB wire
What is the best method of dehorning?
GENETIC bruh
How long should you cauterize for when dehorning a Young cattle?
HEAT until “Copper”
Why must you be careful when cauterizing (dehorning) especially with small ruminants?
- Their little brains are right under there
- they get heat stress
When can you use a TUBE gouge Dehorner?
-WHY?
- Calves <8 weeks old
* *
What dehorner can be used on a calve thats 3m-1year old?
BARNs dehorner
- go deep
- need at least 1cm of skin at the base of the horn
What type of method is the Keystone Dehorner?
Guillatine type method
- large horns
- not used often due to benefits of early dehorning
Why do we dehorn cattle
Our safety and theirs
- so they can fit through the chute
- dont want to bruise the meat
What is important when dehorning?
Must include 1 cm ring of haired skin
-be careful of the frontal sinus
Describe the procedure of Cosmetic dehorning?
1) elliptical incision
2) sharply elevate skin
3) OB wire removes horn
4) Control hemorrhage
5) Lavage and close
- mattress
- simple interrupted
- continuous interlocking
How can you avoid liodcaine toxicity with Goat dehorning ?
1ml lidocaine with 3cc sterile water
What must you be cautious with when providing Goat analgesia for dehorning?
Lidocaine toxicity
What is it called when removing horn buds from kids ?
Disbudding
When Dehorning Goats what blocks must be performed?
Cornual Branch:
1) infratrochlear (SQ over orbit)
2)Lacrimal (1/2 way between eye and horn)
When can you Disbud Buck kids?
3-5days
When can you disbud Doe kids?
5-7 days
What is the most common complication of dehorning?
HEMORRHAGE!!!
Treat:
-pulling/lighting the arteries (up to 4)
Other than hemorrhage what complication can be seen when dehorning?
-what are the clinical signs
INFECTION
-febrile, lethargic, inappetant, +/- malodorous discharge
How can you minimize infection during dehorning?
Avoid dehorning during the fly season
What is the most common complication to dehorning second to hemorrhage?
Infection
- Acute/chronic
- FRONTAL sinus most commonly affected (extends into hornat 4-6 mos)
At what age does the frontal sinus extend into the horn in cattle?
4-6 months of age
Which sinus is most commonly affected with sinusitis from dehorning?
FRONTAL sinus
What are the clinical signs of Sinusitis from dehorning in cattle?
1) Nasal discharge
2) discharge from dehorning site
3) factual distortion
4) Halitosis
5) Dull sinus percussion
What is the most common bacteria cultured from a sinus infection from dehorning?
Trueperella progenies
What is the most common bacteria cultured from the sinus unrelated to dehorning?
Pasteurella multocida
How do you treat sinusitis
1) open drainage and lavage
2) standing procedure with local anesthetic
3) trphine holes in sinus
4) lavage (LRS, 0.9% NaCl) large volumes
What can be used to create a large opening into the frontal sinus to lavage the sinus?
Trephination
-Galt 19mm trephine
What is the prognosis for trephination for sinus lavage?
GOOD unless CNS signs present
T/F: tipping horns is not innocuous
True
How would you treat Arytenoid chondrites?
Medical management
-Sodium Iodide
What bacteria is typically cultured from arytenoid condritis?
Fusobacterium necroforum
-anaerobic
What clinical signs should you look for with an cattle that has arytenoid chondrites?
- Roaring
- Stinky
If you must perform surgery for arytenoid chondritis, what approach should be taken?
Laryngotomy
-dorsal recumbancy
describe the laryngotomy approach for arytenoid chondritis.
1) oval skin incision
2) sharp excision of cricoid and 3 rings
He doesn’t recommend this
Describe the procedure for tracheostomy.
Emergency procedure
1) incision at junction of cranial and middle 1/3 of neck
2) split paired muscles
3) incise annular liagment
DO NOT transects more than 50% of the diameter of the trachea
4) NSAIDS/antibiotics
5) treatment o underlying condition
How much of the diameter of the trachea can you transects during a tracheostomy?
<50%
