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EXAM 3 FINAL > Head And Neck Fractures > Flashcards

Head And Neck Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of head and neck fractures?

A

TRAUMA

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2
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with head and neck fractures?

A
  • None
  • Mild
  • Severe
  • instant death
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3
Q

What does the emergency protocol involve?

A

A-airway
B-breathing, bleeding
C- cardio-vascular, circulation
D-Drugs

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4
Q

Can you use Ketamine in patients with suspected head trauma or Increased intracranial pressure?

A

No

Because it increase ICP (intracranial pressure)

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5
Q

T/F: Horses are obligate nasal breathers

A

TRUE

-so if there is something that impedes the airflow of the nostrils a tracheostomy must be performed

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6
Q

Describe the procedure of Tracheostomy

A

1) +/- clip
2) local anesthetic (mid line)
3) skin incision (upper third/middle)
4) blunt dissection of the sternothyrohyoid muscle
5) remove tracheal ring
6) tracheostomy tube

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7
Q

Why might the removal of the tracheal rings in an older horse be more difficult?

A

The tracheal rings calcify

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8
Q

What muscle must be bluntly dissected when performing a tracheostomy on a horse?

A

Sternothyrohyoid muscle

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9
Q

How long can you leave a tracheostomy tube in place

A

Until resolution of original problem blocking breathing

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10
Q

Following a head or neck fracture, what is the prognosis dependent on?

A

1) prognosis for life
2) prognosis for use

  • function
  • cosmetics
  • open/closed

Can be anything from excellent to Grave

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11
Q

What is Hyphaema?

A

Blood in the eye

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12
Q

A Yearlying horse being halter trained, presents with neurological symptoms. What do you expect?

A

Basilar fracture

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13
Q

What is a Dacryocysto-Rhinography

A

Radiographic contrast evaluation of the nasolacrimal duct

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14
Q

How do you perform a dacryocysto-Rhinography?

A

1) Catheterize nasal punctum of the nasolacrimal duct
2) inject contrast fluid
3) Radiograph immediately

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15
Q

Where is the nasal punctum located

A

Edge of pigmented and non pigmented mucousa

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16
Q

How would you repair a facial fracture?

A

Surgical repair:

  • skin incision
  • elevate bone depression (with periosteal elevator)
17
Q

What is important to do when using cerclage wire?

A

Twist and pull at the same time

18
Q

How can you drain sinuses (facial fracture)?

A

Foley Catheter

19
Q

What is Chemosis?

A

Swelling of the conjunctiva of the eye

20
Q

What are the treatment options for incisive fractures?

A
  • conservative
  • cerclage
  • screws
  • plates
  • fixates extern
21
Q

What does the tension band technique do?

A

Transforms tensile forces into compressive forces

22
Q

What technique should be used to correct interdental space fractures

A

Tension band technique

23
Q

Is surgery always required for Vertical ramus fractures?

A

No if it is not displaced

-because of the large Masseter muscle

24
Q

What is the strongest repair for mandibular fractures?

A

DCP plating

25
Q

What is the order Strongest to weakest, treatment options for mandibular fracture repair?

A

DCP>PMMA + cerclage > cerclage + external fixature > external fixature

26
Q

What is a distraction screw?

A

One turn (360degrees) = 1mm

27
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of Neck fractures?

A
  • Trauma

- Electrocution (struck by lightening)

28
Q

What is a clinically relevant compressive vertebral neck lesion?

A

When BOTH dorsal and ventral contrast columns narrow at the same level

29
Q

What treatment can be done for neck fractures?

A
  • REst
  • Dorsal laminectomy
  • Cervical ventral interbody fusion
30
Q

Describe the procedure for laminectomy

A
  • lateral recumbency
  • hanging over surgery table
  • 30-40 cm incision on dorsal midline
  • large self-retaining retractors
31
Q

Describe the Cervical ventral interbody techniques

A
  • dorsal recumbency
  • over stretching neck
  • place needles and assess correct position with radiograph
  • remove ventral spinous process
  • 16mm pilot hole + overdillled with 25mm core saw
  • place basket

REFERAL

32
Q

What spinal process needs to be removed during a Cervical ventral interbody fusion?

A

Ventral spinous process

EXAM 3 FINAL (19 decks)

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