Equine Dental Surgery Flashcards
What are some ways that dental problems in horses can present?
1) weight loss
2) constipation (cold water)
3) Poor performance
4) Head shaking
5) lameness (back pain)
T/F: the first premolar is not always evident in horses?
True
-it is rudimentary
What is the curve of Spee?
The surface of the cheek teeth are not level all the way to the back of the mouth:
-slopes up
T/F: the mandible is more narrow than the maxillary region
TRUE
T/F: the curve of Spee gets more accentuated the older the horse gets
TRUE
Are new born foals born with INCISORS?
No
At what age does the first incisor appear in FOALs?
6 days
At what age does the second INCISOR appear?
6 weeks
At what age does the Third incisor appear?
6 months
Are foals born with PRemolars?
YES
Are foals born with MOLARS?
NO
The FIRST MOLAR appears at what age in Horses?
1 year
At what age does the SECOND MOLAR appear in FOALS?
2 years
At what age does the THRID MOLAR appear?
3 years
T/F: foals are born with PRemolars
TRUE
-these are baby teeth (rudimentary)
The second premolars are replaced at 2 years
The third premolars are replaced at 3 years
The fourth premolars are replaced at 4 years
At what age does the First incisor get replaced?
2.5 years
At what age does the second incisor get replaced?
3.5 years
At what age does the third incisor get replaced?
4.5 years
Which teeth have cups?
The incisors
- each cup is 6mm deep
- 2mm of cup is worn off per year
How much cup is worn of per year?
2mm/year
How deep are equine incisor cups?
6mm
The cup is gone in the first INCISOR at which age?
Gone in 6 years
The cup is gone in the second INCISOR at which age?
7 years
The cup is gone in the third INCISOR at which age?
8 years
How often do we recommend a dental exam in horses?
Once / year
T/F: enamel points are at Buffalo side of maxillary teeth and lingual edge of mandibular teeth
TRUE
Where are the enamel points in maxillary teeth?
Buccaneers
Where are the enamel points in the mandibular teeth?
Lingual edge
Enamel points that cause tongue laceration suggest what?
Mandibular enamel points
-require floating
What do you use to open the horses mouth for floating?
Speculum
What is Swale’s mouth gag?
Equine speculum by Schoupe
-used to open the mouth during floatation
What is a Haussmann mouth gag?
A speculum used to float teeth in a horses
-has a ratchet
How would you float the Lower right arcade?
Cranially
How would you float the maxillary teeth?
Caudally
What is a hook?
Sharp edge at the 2nd premolar of the maxillary arcade
What is a ramp?
Caudal edge
- 3rd molar
- mandibular arcade
What is the wolf tooth?
Rudimentary 1st premolar
-not always present
What is Sheer mouth?
Extreme form of enamel points
- teeth become scissors
CS:
-atrophy masseter muscle
Do you want to correct sheer mouth straight away?
No
-took a long time to develop, get rid of it slowly
You see a 3 year old horse with bumps/unilateral/bilateral. What is this and how do you treat it?
Retained deciduous premolars (retained caps)
-crow bar them out
Which tooth tends to have problems and why?
- 4th premolar
- last check to erupt (crowding)
What diagnostic tool is really good for examining the nasal cavity?
ENDOSCOPY
Define Extraction
Removal of cheek teeth
-Standing anesthesia
Define Repulsion?
Removal of cheetah teeth under GA
- trphination
- sinusotomy (bone flap)
- Buccotomy
What instruments are required for STANDING tooth removal
1) long handled molar forceps
2) Molar cutters (too cutters)
3) fulcrum
4) tooth pick
What is the Diastemata?
natural gap between teeth
What do you filled the alveolus with post tooth extraction?
PMMA
- leave for 1 week
- remove
T/F: post trephination for tooth extraction, the site is left open for drainage
TRUE
What is a Dentigerous cyst?
- congenital anomaly
- swelling at base of ear
- contains dental elements
- TD: complete surgical excision
- Px: EXCELLENT
