Equine Respiratory Surgery Flashcards
What are the indication for respiratory surgery?
- exercise intolerance
- poor performance
- abnormal respiratory noise
- Mucopurulent nasal discharge
- Seroanguineous nasal discharge
- external distortion of face
What are epidermal inclusion cysts?
- unilateral/bilateral
- cosmetic blemish
How do you diagnose and treat Redundant alar folds?
Dx:
- expirations noise
- large temporary mattress suture
Tx:
1) surgery
—lateral or dorsal recumbancy
—carmalt forceps
What are some etiologies of Diseases of the nasal septum?
- malformation
- abscesses
- trauma
- neoplasms
- hematoma
- Infections (bacterial/mycotic)
What is Wry nose?
- young horses
- bent nose
What are some common clinical signs that you would see with Diseases of the NASSAL SEPTUM?
- Decreased/ complete obstruction
- strider
- discharge
- facial distortion
What are some preoperative considerations or Nasal septum surgery?
- collect4-8 L of blood
- Tracheotomy
Because they bleed a lot here
How do you treat nasal septal disease?
nasal septum resection
- trephination (between medial canthus of eyes
- clamp septum
- chisel Ventral floor
- remove nasal septum completely
What aftercare should you consider for Nasal septal disease?
- 5-6 days systemic antibiotics
- 10 days NSAIDs
- remove packing 2 days post op
- (remove tracheotomy tube)
- clean and flush with saline
What is progressive ethmoid hematoma?
- Progressively enlarging
- soft tissue mass (originating from mucosa of the ethmoid turbinates)
What clinical signs would you expect with Progressive ethmoid hematoma?
- BILATERAL epistaxis
- Serosanguinous nasal exudate
- Stridor
What is the cause of ethmoid hematomas?
- not completely known
- Nasogastric tubing
How would you diagnose Progressive ethmoid hematoma?
- radiography
- CT
- Arthroscope (in trephine hole)
- endoscopy
What post operative complication might you experience with PEH?
Hemorrhage
You perform history theology on a biopsy from an PEH, What would you expect to find?
1) outer surface: respiratory epithelium
2) central: hemosiderin-filled macrophages
Other than surgical excision how can you treat PEH?
Transendoscopic chemical ablation
- 4% formalin via biopsy Chanel of endoscopy
- repeat in 2-3 weeks
Gonna look worse before it looks better
What are some differential diagnosis for Nasal discharge?
- guttural pouch my oasis
- septic pneumonia
- pulmonary neoplasia
- neoplasia
-nasal trauma
-EIPH
-ulcerative or mycotic rhinitis
Nasal passage trauma
Review arrticle
.
How do you distinguish Primary from secondary SINUSITIS?
Primary:
-upper respiratory tract infection
Secondary:
- Dental disease
- facial fractures
- cysts
- neoplasia
What are the clinical signs of SINUSITIS?
-nasal discharge (serosanguinous)
- Coughing
- facial deformity
What are the land marks of the maxillary sinus?
Rostrum compartment
…….Septum…………….
Caudal compartment
1) medial canthus of the eye
2) cranial edge facial crest
3) 1cm above imaginary line 1/2 way between the eye and crest
Ooooor half way between the medial canthus of the eye and the infraorbital foramen
What after care should you consider for sinusitis?
- leave open + flush daily
- Abx + NSAIDs
What are the consequences of Cribbing?
- colic
- abnormal wear of incisors
- weight loss
How do you treat cribbing CONSERVATIVELY?
Cribbing strap
-puts pressure on the larynx
How do you treat cribbing surgically?
REMOVE:
- sternomandibularis
- sternothyrohyoideus
- omohyoideus
Or Neurectomy:
-ventral branch of spinal accessory nerve
What is the Modified forssel’s procedure?
To correct cribbing
1) myoectomy:
—sternothyrohyoideus
—omohyoideus. (10 tracheal rings worth)
2) Neurectomy:
—ventral branch of spinal accessory nerve (11)
GA, dorsal recumbancy
