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EXAM 3 FINAL > Equine Female Urogenital Surgery > Flashcards

Equine Female Urogenital Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What is Episioplasty ?

A

Correction of a hooded vagina

1) Caslick’s procedure
2) Perineal body reconstruction
3) Perineal body transection

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2
Q

What is another name for Caslikcs operation?

A
  • Vulvoplasty

- episoplasty

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3
Q

What operation should be performed for Pneumovagina?

A

Caslick’s (vulvoplasty)

-prevent aspiration of air into vagina

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4
Q

What are the causes of Pneumovagina?

A
  • Poor conformation

- injury

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5
Q

Why do we perform episioplasties?

A

Prevent:

  • vaginitis
  • Cervicitis
  • Metritis
  • infertility
  • Noise production
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6
Q

What preparation for episioplasty should be done in a mare?

A
  • standing (stocks)
  • manual removal of feces
  • sedation
  • bandage tail
  • scrub + disinfect
  • local anesthetic infiltration (dorsal 1/3, between mucosa and skin)
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7
Q

What suture pattern should be used for an episoplasty?

A

Vertical mattress

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8
Q

What aftercare should be considered for vulvoplasty?

A

Episiotomy (reopening of vulvoplasty BEFORE foaling

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9
Q

What is a breeders stitch ?

A

-reminder to do episiotomy

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10
Q

What are the indications for a Perineal body reconstruction?

A

1) ineffective vulvar + vestibular seal
2) failed Caslick’s procedure
3) recto-vestibular injuries

  • removal of a triangular piece of mucosa (vestibulum)
  • incision mucocutaneous junction of labium
  • retract and suture cranially towards yourself
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11
Q

What suture pattern is used for Perineal body reconstruction?

A

-Deep horizontal mattress sutures

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12
Q

What aftercare must be considered for perineal body reconstruction?

A
  • 4-6 weeks sexual rest

- Episiotomy at Foaling

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13
Q

When is Perineal body transaction indicated?

A
  • Forward sloping of vulva

- no decrease in vulvar and vestibular openings

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14
Q

What closure can be done for Perineal body transaction?

A

1) suture

2) second intention healing

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15
Q

What is Urovagina?

A
  • Unwind pooling

- Vesicovaginal reflux (VVR)

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of Urovagina?

A
  • Vaginitis
  • Cervicitis
  • Endometritis
  • Decreased conception rates
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17
Q

What are the causes of Urovagina?

A
  • Ectopic ureter
  • Pneumovagina
  • Excessive closure of Caslick’s
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18
Q

How would you treat Urovagina?

A

1) Caudal relocation of transverse fold (Vaginoplasty)
- cut sliver of transverse fold

2) Caudal urethral extension (urethroplasty)
* elongates the urethra
- Brown
- McKinnon
- Shires
- Monin

19
Q

What is the Shires technique?

A

Urethroplasty (caudal urethral extension)

  • good for older mares
  • horizontal mattresses
  • simple interrupted
20
Q

What are some foaling injuries?

A
  • Perineal lacerations
  • Rectovestibular fistula
  • vaginal contusions
  • vaginal rupture
  • cervical lacerations
  • uterine rupture
  • uterine hemorrhage
  • uterine prolapse
  • uterine bladder (eversion, prolapse, rupture
  • GIT injuries
21
Q

What are the 3 degrees of PERINEAL LACERATIONS?

A

First degree:
-Only mucosa, vestibule, vulva

Second degree:
-Mucosa + submucosa

Third degree:
-Perineal body, anal sphincter, floor of rectum

22
Q

What would you treat first degree Perineal laceration?

A

Basically like a hematoma

LEAVE it alone, NSAIDs

23
Q

What would you treat SECOND degree Perineal laceration?

A

Mucosa + Submucosa

Tx: not much to do NSAIDs

24
Q

What would you treat THIRD degree Perineal laceration?

A

Perineal body, anal sphincter, floor of rectum

Tx:

  • local debridement
  • tetanus prophylaxis
  • repair in 4-6 weeks postpartum
  • after weaning
  • diet change (soft feces)
  • standing
  • tracheostomy
25
Q

What are the causes of thrid degree Perineal lacerations?

A

1) Primiparous mares
2) Fetal malposition
3) nose or foot catches vulvovaginal fold

26
Q

WHy do you not want to suture a THIRD degree perineal laceration straight away?

A

Make sure you give tetanus but, Delay immediate surgery because:

  • its blunt trauma so the tissue will slough
  • want to weight for after weaning
27
Q

What are the 4 basic surgical principles to consider when treating a 3 degrees perineal laceration?

A

1) minimum tension on suture line
2) branch contact of wound surfaces
3) strong suture material
4) reduce amount of feces

28
Q

What are the 2 ways to repair rectovestibular lacerations (3 degree perineal lacerations)

A

1) Aanes method
- two stage repair

2) Goethe or Vaughan method
- Single stage

29
Q

When correcting a rectovestibular laceration via Aanes method, how long in between stages must you wait?

A

2-3 weeks

Then second stage repair

30
Q

What is a rectovestibular fistula?

A

Laceration of dorsal vestibular into rectum WITHOUT disruption of the perineal body or anal sphincter

31
Q

How would you treat a rectovestibular fistula?

A

1) if small —> spontaneous closure

2)Surgicallly via:
— Rectum
— vestibular/ perineal body

3) direct closure of fistula
4) Via third degree laceration

32
Q

Why do you use a continuous suture pattern for rectovestibular fistula repair?

A
  • disperses tension Evenly along suture site

* might need to be done a second or third time

33
Q

When would you perform a UNIlateral ovariectom?

A

1) Granulosa cell tumor

2) Ovarian abscesses

34
Q

When would you perform a BIlateral ovariectomy?

A

1) eliminate estrous

2) Eliminate nymphomania

35
Q

What should be done preoperatively for an Ovariectomy?

A
  • off feed 12-24hrs pre op
  • laparoscopy 12-48hrs
    -rectal palpation (+ US)
    ——-size
    ——-adhesions
    ——-abscessation
  • Diestrus or anestrus (not an emergency so time it well)
  • Antibiotics/ Tetanus
36
Q

What approach can be used for an standing ovariectomy?

A

1) flank
2) colptomy (transvaginal)
3) laparoscopy

37
Q

What approach can be used for GA ovariectomy?

A

1) flank
2) ventral midline
3) Paramedian
4) laparoscopy

38
Q

What is an ecrseur?

A

Placed over the ovarian pedicle for ovariectomy

- no ligature

39
Q

What complications can occur with ovariectomy?

A
  • suture dehiscence
  • post op pain
  • colitis
  • laminitis
  • etc….
40
Q

What are the advantages of laparoscopy vs celiotomy?

A
  • smaller incisions
  • direct visualization
  • tension-free ligation
  • shorter pos op recovery
41
Q

What are the causes for C- section in the mare?

A

Fetal:

  • large foal
  • abdnomal Position, Posture, presentation
  • deformities

Maternal:

  • old pelvic fractures
  • cervical stir cures
  • uterine torsion
  • uterine rupture
42
Q

In preparation fo C-section: what is the time limit to manually correct the fetus?

A

15 mins

43
Q

What Closure do you use for C- section in the mare?

A

2 layer closure

  • Cushing
  • Lambert’s

EXAM 3 FINAL (19 decks)

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