Head and Neck Lumps Flashcards
Examination of a lump
6 ‘S’ examination:
Site
Size
Shape
Smoothness
Surface
Surroundings
Examining surface of a lump
Contour
Edge
Colour
Other aspects of lumps to examine
Trans-illumination
Temperature
Tender
Pulsatile
Fixed/mobile
Lipoma definition
Benign fatty pump
Ganglia definition
Degenerative cyst from adjacent joint
Common site for ganglia
Dorsum of wrist
Mx of ganglia
50% disappear spontaneously
Otherwise excision
Fibroma location
Under the skin
Fibroma components
Collagen
Fibroblasts
Fibrocytes
Dermoid cyst location
Midline
Above hyoid
Thyroglossal cyst location
Midline
Below hyoid
Moves with tongue protrusion
Branchial cyst location
Anterior triangle
Under angle of mandible
Branchial cyst contents
Fluid with cholesterol crystals
Mx of branchial cyst
Excision
Cystic hygroma location
Posterior triangle
Trans-illuminate
Pharyngeal pouch
May protrude into posterior triangle on swallowing
Most common parotid tumour
Pleomorphic adenoma
Signs of parotid tumour malignancy
Ear deflected outwards
Facial nerva palsy
Parotid swelling present > 1 month
Types of goitre
Diffusely enlarged
Nodular
Causes of diffuse goitre
Iodine deficiency
Congenital
Acute thyroiditis
Autoimmune
Physiological
Physiological causes of diffuse goitre
Pregnancy
Puberty
Autoimmune causes of diffuse goitre
Graves’ disease
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Causes of nodular goitre
Multi-nodular goitre (common)
Single nodule
Plummer’s disease (rare)
Plummer’s disease definition
Hyperthyroidsim due to single toxic nodule
