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MRCS med school > Breast Cancer > Flashcards

Breast Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

RFs for breast cancer

A 
FH
Age
Unopposed E2
Genetics
Previous cancer
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2
Q

Genetic RFs for breast cancer

A

BRCA1 (chromosome 17)

BRCA2 (chromosome 13)

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3
Q

Factors increasing unopposed E2

A 
Early menarche / Late menopause
Obesity
HRT
Nulliparous
Liver cirrhosis
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4
Q

Protective factors against breast cancer

A

Breastfeeding

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5
Q

Types of breast cancer

A

1) Invasive ductal carcinoma
2) Invasive lobular carcinoma
3) Non invasive ductal carcinoma in situ
4) Non invasive lobular carcinoma in situ
5) Medullary cancer
6) Colloid / Mucoid
7) Phyllodes tumour

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6
Q

Ix for breast lumps

A

Triple assessment

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7
Q

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) mammogram features

A

Microcalcification

Pre-malignant

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8
Q

Most common type of breast cancer

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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9
Q

Features of invasive ductal carcinoma

A

Feels firm

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10
Q

Features of medullary cancer

A

Subtype of ductal, less likely to spread
Younger people
Feels soft

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11
Q

Features of colloid / mucoid cancers

A

Post menopausal onset
Less likely to spread
Covered by mucin

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12
Q

Features of phyllodes tumour

A

Stromal tumour
Large
Mobile

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13
Q

Methods of breast cancer spread

A

Direct spread to muscle/skin
Lymphatic
Blood

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14
Q

Sign of lymphatic spread

A

Peau d’orange- inflammation of lymph tissue

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15
Q

Common metastasis sites of breast cancer

A

Bone
Lung
Liver
Brain

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16
Q

Breast cancer screening

A

Mammogram every 3 yrs

Age 47-73

17
Q

Staging of breast cancer

A

Stage 1 to 4

18
Q

Stage 1 breast cancer

A

Confined to breast

Mobile

19
Q

Stage 2 breast cancer

A

Confined to breast
Mobile
Ipsilateral axilla lymph nodes

20
Q

Stage 3 breast cancer

A

Fixed to muscle, not chest wall
Ipsilateral axilla lymph nodes may be fixed
Possible skin involvement

21
Q

Stage 4 breast cancer

A

Fixed to chest wall

Distant mets

22
Q

Most common site of breast lump

A

Upper outer quadrant

23
Q

Presentations of breast cancer

A

Lump
Skin changes
Nipple changes
Mets

24
Q

Nipple changes in breast cancer

A

Inversion

Discharge

25
Q

Mx of stage 1-2 breast cancer

A

Wide local excision / Mastectomy
Sentinel node biopsy
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Hormonal therapy

26
Q

Use of radiotherapy for breast cancer

A

Post wide local excision

Reduces recurrence

27
Q

Breast reconstruction options

A

Tissue expanders
Implants
TRAM flap
Latissimus dorsi flap

28
Q

TRAM flap

A

Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous flap

29
Q

Complications of breast surgery

A

Frozen shoulder
Lymphoedema
Long thoracic nerve palsy

30
Q

Mx of stage 3-4 breast cancer

A

Hormonal therapy
Chemotherapy
Supportive Rx of mets

MRCS med school (44 decks)

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