Head and Neck Embryology Flashcards
What are the pharyngeal/branchial arches?
A series of arches which develop around the future mouth and pharynx
What is the function of the pharyngeal arches?
They support the primitive pharynx and the face and neck develop from them
How many pharyngeal arches are there?
5 ( 6 start but arch number five disappears): 1,2,3,4 and 6
Which parts of the pharyngeal arches does the ectoderm make up?
The outside and the clefts between the arches
Which parts of the pharyngeal arches does the mesoderm and neural crest cells form?
Cartilage and muscles
Which parts of the pharyngeal arches does the endoderm form?
Inside and pouches between the arches
Which nerve is formed by the 1st branchial arch?
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal
Which nerve is formed by the 2nd branchial arch?
Facial nerve
Which nerve is formed by the 3rd branchial arch?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Which nerve is formed by the 4th branchial arch?
Superior laryngeal branch of the vagus
Which nerve is formed by the 6th branchial arch?
Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus
How do the muscles derived from the brancial arches develop their nerve supply?
When the muscles migrate they take their nerve supply with them
Besides muscles and nerves, what other structures develop from the branchial arches?
Tongue, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands and part of the pituitary gland
Which processes form the face?
Frontonasal (superior mesenchyme to future mouth), 2x maxillary processes
