Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head and Neck > Head and Neck Anatomy Week 1 > Flashcards

Head and Neck Anatomy Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the deep cervical fascia?

A

It surrounds the neck and sends septa internally to delineate compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Would wounds to the scalp bleed profusely or sparingly and why?

A

Profusely - due to the connective tissue in the 2nd layer which prevents vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the 3rd layer of the scalp?

A

Aponeurosis of the occipitofrontalis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the clinical significance of the emissary veins?

A

These valveless veins transverse the diploe and can spread infection intracranially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do sympathetic fibres reach those regions supplied by cranial nerves?

A

Postganglionic fibres from the sympathetic chain form a plexus and hitch a ride with blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Opthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Do the branches of the trigeminal nerve carry sensory fibres, motor fibres or both?

A

V1 - Sensory
V2 - Sensory
V3 - Sensory + Motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What fibres does the facial nerve contain?

A

Motor, sensory (special senses) and parasympathetic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What structures pass through the parotid gland?

A

External Carotid branches, retromandibular vein, facial nerve and facial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A

Carotid arteries, internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the right common carotid arise from?

A

Brachiocephalic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the left common carotid arise from?

A

Directly from the aortic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the ECA supply?

A

Neck, face and scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the ICA supply?

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do C1-5 form?

A

The cervical plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three parts of the skull?

A

Neuro-cranium, facial skull (viscera-cranium) and mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which part of the skull bone houses the red marrow?

A

Diploe (spongy bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the main sutures of the skull?

A

Sagittal, coronal and lambdoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Between which bones does the sagittal suture lie?

A

The two parietal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Between which bones does the coronal suture lie?

A

Between the frontal bone and the two parietal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Between which bones does the lambdoid suture lie?

A

Between the occipital bone and the parietal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which bone is the occipital protuberance a part of?

A

Occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which bone is the mastoid process a part of?

A

Temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which bones is the zygomatic process a part of?

A

Temporal and zygomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What bone is the styloid process a part of?

A

Temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What bone are the occipital condyles a part of?

A

Occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the largest foramen in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Name two structures that pass through foramen magnum?

A

The medulla (where it becomes the spinal cord) and the right and left vertebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What bone is the superior nuchal line a part of?

A

Occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What type of joint is present in the zygomatic arch?

A

Suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the five layers of the scalp?

A 
S-skin
C-connective tissue
A-aponeurosis
L-loose connective tissue
P-periosteum/pericranium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the functions of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

A

Lifting the eyebrow and upper eyelid and wrinkling of the forehead = astonishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior part of the scalp (anterior to the external ear)?

A

All three branches of the trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior part of the scalp?

A

Branches of C2 and C3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What structure forms the ventral rami of C5-T1 and what does it supply?

A

Brachial plexus - supplies the upper limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

In which layer of the scalp are blood vessels present?

A

Dense connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What artery are the supratrochlear artery and supraorbital artery branches of?

A

Internal carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What artery are the superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital arteries branches of?

A

External carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is diploe?

A

Cancellous (spongy) bone separating the inner and outer layers of the cortical bone of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Do the muscles of facial expressions lie superficial or deep?

A

Superficial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What nerve innervates all of the muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial (CrN VII)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

From which foramen does the facial nerve emerge onto the side the side of the face?

A

Stylomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What bony points lie on either side of the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Styloid and mastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are the three pairs of salivary glands?

A

Parotid, submandibular and sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are the relations of the parotid gland?

A 
Base: Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Superior: Zygomatic
Inferiorly: Angle of the mandible
Apex: Masseter
Posterior: External Auditory Meatus
46
Q

What type of gland is the parotid gland?

A

Exocrine gland

47
Q

What is the difference between an exocrine and an endocrine gland?

A

Exocrine: has a duct
Endocrine: secretes directly into the blood

48
Q

Which nerve branches emerge from the anterior border of the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve

49
Q

Which muscle does the parotid pierce to enter the oral cavity?

A

Buccinator

50
Q

Where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity

A

Opposite the maxillary 2nd molar

51
Q

What artery gives off branches in the parotid gland?

A

ECA

52
Q

What vein runs through the parotid gland?

A

Retromandibular vein

53
Q

Which cranial nerve has fibres destined for the parotid gland?

A

Glossopharyngeal

54
Q

Where does the sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland come from?

A

Superior cervical ganglion of the paravertebral chain

55
Q

Which cranial nerve gives sensory innervation to the face?

A

Trigeminal (CrN V)

56
Q

What are the three main branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

57
Q

Which artery are the facial and superficial temporal branches of?

A

ECA

58
Q

What muscle lies immediately posterior to the facial artery as it enters onto the face?

A

Masseter

59
Q

Which vein do the facial and superficial temporal veins drain into?

A

Internal jugular vein

60
Q

What are the contents of the vertebral compartment of the neck?

A

Cervical vertebrae and postural muscles

61
Q

What are the contents of the vascular compartments?

A

Major blood vessels and the vagus nerve

62
Q

What are the contents of the visceral compartment?

A

Thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, part of the thymus gland, pharynx, larynx, trachea and oesophagus

63
Q

What encloses the vertebral, vascular and visceral compartments?

A

Musculofascial collar

64
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

65
Q

What kind of joint is present between the occipital condyles and C1 (atlas)?

A

Condyloid joint

66
Q

What structures pass through the transverse foramen?

A

Vertebral arteries, veins and sympathetic nerve plexus

67
Q

What is the vertebra prominens?

A

Spinous process of C7

68
Q

What is the special feature of the spines of cervical vertebrae?

A

Short and bifid

69
Q

What curvature exists in the cervical portion of the vertebral column?

A

Lordosis

70
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle?

A

Superiorly: Inferior border of the mandible
Posteriorly: Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
Anteriorly: Midline of the neck

71
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A

Anteriorly: Posterior border of the SCM
Posteriorly: Anterior border of the trapezius
Inferiorly: Middle 1/3 of the clavicle

72
Q

What are the attachments of the SCM?

A

Sternum, clavicle and mastoid process

73
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius?

A

Moving/rotating/stabilising the scapula and extending the head

74
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the SCM and trapezius?

A

Accessory (CrN XI)

75
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A

Hyoid bone, midline of the neck and digastric muscle

76
Q

Which lymph nodes are found in the submental triangle?

A

Submental lymph nodes

77
Q

What are the borders of the digastric/submandibular triangle?

A

Mandible and digastric muscle

78
Q

What are the contents of the digastric/submandibular triangle?

A

Facial artery and submandibular gland

79
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A

Posterior belly of the digastric muscle, SCM and omohyoid muscle

80
Q

What are the contents of the neurovascular sheath?

A

Common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, hypoglossal nerve and vagus nerve

81
Q

What are the borders of the muscular triangle?

A

Hyoid bone, midline, omohyoid muscle and SCM

82
Q

What are the strap muscles of the neck?

A

Infrahyoid muscles

83
Q

Which artery does the right CCA arise from?

A

Brachiocephalic

84
Q

Which artery does the left CCA arise from?

A

Aorta

85
Q

At what vertebral level does the CCA divide into the ECA and the ICA?

A

C4

86
Q

Which branch of the CCA gives off branches in the neck?

A

ECA

87
Q

Which branch of the CCA is the most lateral?

A

ICA

88
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the ECA and in what structure are they given off?

A

Maxillary and superficial temporal - parotid gland

89
Q

What vein does the IJV join with and what vein is formed?

A

Subclavian > brachiocephalic

90
Q

Does the EJV run superficial or deep to the SCM?

A

Superficial

91
Q

What vein does the EJV drain into?

A

Subclavian

92
Q

Where does the vagus nerve lie in relation to the vascular contents of the neurovascular sheath?

A

Posteriorly

93
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve arise from?

A

From the cervical plexus

94
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the carotid sheath?

A

Deep and posterior

95
Q

Which muscles are attached to the hyoid bone?

A

Suprahyoid, infrahyoid, genioglossus and middle pharyngeal constrictor

96
Q

Name the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid, geniohyoid, digastric and stylohyoid

97
Q

What is the nerve supply to the mylohyoid muscle?

A

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

98
Q

What is the nerve supply to the geniohyoid muscle?

A

C1 nerve roots that run within the hypoglossal nerve

99
Q

What is the nerve supply to the digastric muscle?

A

Trigeminal and facial nerve

100
Q

What is the nerve supply to the stylohyoid muscle?

A

Facial nerve

101
Q

What actions do the suprahyoid muscles have on the hyoid bone and the mandible?

A

Elevate the hyoid bone and open the jaw

102
Q

Name the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid

103
Q

What is the nerve supply to the sternohyoid muscle and what is its function?

A

Anterior rami of C1-3 -depresses the hyoid

104
Q

What is the nerve supply and function of the sternothyroid muscle?

A

C1-3 - depresses the thyroid

105
Q

What is the nerve supply and function of the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

C1 (within the hypoglossal nerve) - depresses the thyroid

106
Q

What is the nerve supply and function of the omohyoid muscle?

A

Anterior rami of C1-3 - depresses the hyoid

107
Q

What are the vertebral roots of the cervical plexus?

A

C1-4

108
Q

Between which two muscles does the cervical plexus emerge?

A

SCM and trapezius

109
Q

What is ansa cervicalis?

A

Loops of the cervical plexus

110
Q

What are the anatomical parts of the thyroid gland?

A

R+L lobe and isthmus

111
Q

At what level does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie in relation to the trachea?

A

2&3 tracheal rings

112
Q

In which compartment of the neck does the thyroid gland lie?

A

Visceral

Head and Neck (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions