Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A DDx > Head and Neck DDx > Flashcards

Head and Neck DDx Flashcards

1
Q

Carotid Space Lesion:

A 
Reactive lymph node.
Jugular vein thrombosis.
Nodal mets secondary to SCC.
Carotid body paraganglioma.
Carotid space schwannoma.
Glomus Vagale paraganglioma.
Neurofibroma.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parotid Space Mass:

A 
Benign Mixed tumour of parotid.
Warthin tumour.
Metastatic nodal  disease .
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of parotid.
Malignant mixed tumour.
Lymphoma.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Laryngeal Lesion:

A 
SCC, supraglottic / glottic / subglottic.
Vocal cord paralysis
Radiated larynx
Laryngocele
Laryngo-hypopharyngeal reflux
Larynx chondrosarcoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pharyngeal Mucosal Space lesion within Nasopharynx:

A 
Adenoid tissue
Adenoid inflammation
Thornwaldt cyst
Pharyngeal mucosal space retention cyst.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
NHL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pharyngeal Mucosal space lesion within Oropharynx:

A 
Tonsillar tissue
Palatine tonsil abscess
Tonsillar inflammation
Retention cyst
Base of Tongue SCC
Palatine tonsil SCC
NHL
Thyroglossal duct cyst.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diffuse Parotid Disease:

A

Acute parotitis (unilateral)
Chronic Parotitis
Sjogren syndrome: benign lymphoepithelial lesoins (bilateral).
Benign lymphoepithelail lesion of HIV (bilateral)
Parotid Sialosis
Parotid Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (unilateral)
Parotid adenoid cystic Carcinoma (unilateral).
NHL (unilateral or bilateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Jugular Foramen Lesion:

A 
Gloms jugulare Paraganglioma
Jugular foramen Schwannoma
Jugular foramen Meningioma
Skull base Met
Dehiscent jugular bulb
Chondrosarcoma
Plasmacytoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Enhancing Orbital Mass:

A 
Haemangioma
Lymphangioma
Meningioma
Mets
Lymphoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cavernous sinus mass / enhancement:

A 
Meningioma
schwannoma
Carotid-cavernous fistula
Tolossa Hunt syndrome
Sarcoidosis
Peri neural spread
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aggressive sinus disease with bony destruction:

A 
Invasive fungal disease
Wegner granulomatosis
Sinonasal carcinoma
Lymphoma
Cocaine use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Unilateral Parotid Mass:

A 
Pleomorphic Adenoma
Warthin tumour
Parotid carcinoma
Lymphadenopathy
Branchial cleft cyst
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bilateral parotid masses:

A 
Lymphoepithelial lesions in HIV
Sjogren syndrome (lymphoma risk)
Warthins tumour
Lymphadenopathy
Sarcoidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Orbital Muscle enlargement:

A 
Thyroid orbitopathy (I'M SLO)
Orbital pseudotumour
Lymphoma
Sarcoidosis
Infectious myositis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Masticator space mass:

A 
Odontogenic Infection / abscess
OsteoSarcoma / Mets
Rhabdomyosarcoma (child)
Venolymphatic malformation
Nerve sheath tumour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Carotid space Mass:

A

Paraganglioma

  • Carotid body tumour (splays ICA & ECA)
  • Glomus vagale (displaces ICA & ECA anteromedially)

Schwannoma (commonly vagal, anteromedial ICA & ECA displacement, less enhancement without flow voids).

Neurofibroma
Vascular abnormality
Lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Retropharyngeal Mass:

A

Infection / abscess
Nodal Mets
Lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clival Mass:

A 
Mets
Chordoma
Chondrosarcoma
Invasive pituitary macro adenoma
Plasmacytoma
Ecchordosis Physaliphoris.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Globe lesion in child:

A

Retinoblastoma

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous - Y shape stalk, small globe

Coats disease

Retinopathy of prematurity

Toxocariasis

Coloboma: funnel shape posterior globe. DDx morning glory, with tuft of enhancing tissue at funnelled optic disc.

19
Q

Optic nerve enlargement with enhancement:

A

Optic nerve glioma
optic neuritis
Optic nerve sheath meningioma
Sarcoid

20
Q

Pachymeningeal enhancement:

A 
Intracranial hypotension.
Mets
Pachymeningitis
Subdural haemorrhage
Sarcoidosis
21
Q

Middle Ear Mass:

A

Acquired cholesteatoma
Facial nerve schwannoma
Glomus tympanum
Cholesterol granuloma

22
Q

Inner ear congenital Malformation:

A 
Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome
Cystic cochlear vestibular anomaly
Cystic common cavity
Cochlear aplasia
Labyrinthine ossificans
23
Q

Floor of mouth Mass:

A

SCC
Infection / abscess
Ranula
Dermoid / epidermoid cyst

24
Q

Aggressive nasal mass in adolescent:

A 
Juvenile angiofibroma nasopharyngeal
Enthesioneuroblastoma
haemangioma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Inverted papilloma
Polyp
25
Q

Cystic Neck Mass:

A 
Congenital cyst
Abscess
Cystic lymph node / metastatic lymph node
Lymphatic malformation
Cystic nerve sheath tumour
26
Q

Jugular foramen mass:

A 
Meningioma
schwannoma
Paraganglioma
Met
Dehiscent jugular Bulb
27
Q

Leptomeningeal enhancement:

A

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis
Meningitis
Neurosarcoid

28
Q

Pulsatile tinnitus:

A

Venous:

  • Idiopathic intra cranial HTN
  • Sigmoid sinus diverticulum
  • Jugular bulb diverticulum.

Arterial:

  • ICA stenosis
  • aberrant ICA
  • Lateralised ICA
  • Persistent stapedial artery
  • ICA aneurysm
  • Dural arteriovenous fistula
  • Arteriovenous malformation.

Hypervascular tumours:

  • GLomus tympanum paraganglioma
  • Glomus jugulotympanicum paraganglioma
  • Haemangioma
  • Meningioma
  • LCH.
29
Q

Petrous Apex Lesion:

A

Fluid within petrous apex = apical petrositis.

Bony erosion, restricted diffusion = congenital cholesteatoma.

No restricted diffusion, T1 hyperintense = cholesterol granuloma.

Dural tail = meningioma.

Well circumscribed lytic lesion in child = LCH

Smoothly enhancing bony remodelling intra lesion cysts = schwannoma.

Aggressive appearance = mets / myeloma.

Aggressive appearance, T2 hyperintense = Chondrosarcoma / Chordoma.

30
Q

Floor of mouth cystic lesions:

A

Ranula - sublingual space
Dermoid / epidermoid: midline, sack of markbles on MR
Thyroglossal duct cyst: midline, usually infrahyoid
Cystic Metastasis - papillary thyroid or SCC.

31
Q

Multiple Sinonasal Lesions:

A

Acute rhinosinusitis

Chronic rhinosinusitis

Sinonasal polyposis

Allergic fungal sinusitis:

  • opacified and expanded sinuses,
  • bony remodelling and erosion,
  • central hyperdensity and peripheral hypodensity.

Sinonasal retention cyst:

  • mucocele.
  • Thinning of sinus walls, homogenous on CT / MR.

Invasive fungal sinusitis:
- Complete opacification with focal bone erosion, extension into adjacent compartments.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegners)

32
Q

Expansile sinonasal lesion:

A 
Mucocele
Polyposis
Allergic fungal sinusitis
Ossifying fibroma
Fibrous dysplasia
Solitary polyp
33
Q

Sinus lesion with Bone destruction:

A 
SCC
Invasive fungal sinusitis
Esthesioneuroblastoma
NHL
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.
34
Q

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma findings:

A

Adolescent male, with nasal obstruction and epistaxis.

Avidly enhancing nasopharyngeal mass, extends into pterygopalatine fossa.
Expansion of pterygopalatine fossa
Anterior bowing or displacement or posterior maxillary sinus wall.
Internal maxillary artery feeder +/- ascending pharyngeal

35
Q

Hyper dense sinus disease:

A

Blood
Dense inspissated secretions
Fungal infection - allergic fungal sinusitis.

36
Q

Facial Nerve segments: “I Must Love Going To Make Over Parties”

A

I: intracranial (cisternal) - should not enhance
M: Meatal: part inside internal auditory canal. Should not enhance.
L: labyrinthine: IAC to ganlgion superior to cochlear. Can occasionally normally enhance.
G: geniculate ganglion - NORMALLY ENHANCES
T: tympanic: horizontal segment, under lateral semi circular canal - NORMALLY ENHANCES
M: mastoid: descending segment, exits at stylomastoid foramen. NORMALLY ENHANCES
P: parotid. Should not enhance

37
Q

DDx of cochlear demineralisation:

A 
Retrofenestral  otospongiosus
Osteogensis imperfecta (child)
Fibrous dysplasia (young adult)
Paget Disease (older adult)
38
Q

DDx for vascular red retrotympanic mass:

A

Glomus tympanicum
Aberrant carotid artery
Tympanic membrane haemangioma

39
Q

DDx for orbital intraconal Mass:

A

Optic pathway glioma
Optic nerve sheath meningioma

Pseudo tumour
Cavernous Haemangioma
Low Flow lymphatic malformation
Low flow venous malformation (Varix)
Nerve sheath tumour: Schwannoma / neurofibroma.
Mets (Scirrhous breast)
40
Q

DDx for orbital extra conal Mass (non lacrimal gland):

A

Haematoma
Subperiosteal abscess

Lymphoproliferative disease / lymphoma
Mets
Rhabdomyosarcoma (child)

Pseudo tumour
Haemangioma
Sarcoidosis
Sjogren syndrome

Nerve sheath tumours (schwannoma / neurofibroma)
Venous malformation
Lymphatic malformation
Venous varix.

41
Q

DDx for lacrimal gland lesion:

A 
Lymphoma
Benign mixed tumour
Pseudo tumour
adenoid cystic carcinoma
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Sarcoidosis
Sjogren syndrome
Dermoid / epidermoid.
42
Q

Parapharyngeal space displacement:

A

Masticator space lesions displaces PPS posteromedially.
Parotid space lesion disaplces PPS anteromedially.
Carotid space lesion displaces PPS anteriorly.

43
Q

DDx for odontogenic mandibular lesions:

A

Periapical cyst:

  • apex of non vital tooth
  • Round, well corticated border, <2cm

Dentigernous Cyst:

  • Crown of un erupted tooth
  • displaces tooth

Keratogenic odontogenic Tumour:

  • Body / ramus
  • Grow along length of bone
  • Without significant cortical expansion
  • Daughter cysts
  • Not related to un erupted crown
  • Multiple = Gorlin syndrome

Ameloblastoma:

  • Extensive tooth root absorption
  • Mandibular expansion
  • Solid component, enhancing nodule, multi locular.

Odontoma:
- Radiodense with lucent rim.

44
Q

Thyroid cancer Blitz:

A 
Papillary:
"Popular with 'Phatic' spread"
 - Most common
 - Microcalcifications
 - Mets via lymphatics
 - Excellent prognosis
 - Responds well to I-131
 - ORPHAN ANNIE EYE nuclei, and Psammoma bodies, on histology
Follicular:
"Follows", "Flows haematogenously"
 - 2nd most common
 - Mets haematogenously - liver, bone, lung.
 - Responds to I-131
Medullary:
"MEN 2"
 - Calcitonin production
 - Local invasion, node and haematogenous spread
 - does NOT respond to I-131
Anaplastic:
"Aged"
 - Elderly, radiation Tx
 - Aggressive, rapid growth, lymphatic spread.
 - does NOT respond to I-131

A DDx (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions