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A DDx > GI DDx > Flashcards

GI DDx Flashcards

1
Q

Hypo-attenuating Liver

A

Fatty liver / hepatic steatosis

Hepatic amyloid

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2
Q

Hyper-attenuating Liver

A

Absolute attenuation > 75HU on non-con.

Iron overload.
- primary haemochromatosis: liver and pancreas
- secondary haemochromotosis: Liver and spleen.
Medications - amiodarone, gold, methotrexate.
- check lung bases for ILD.
Wilsons disease (Copper)
Glycogen excess.
Thoratrast

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3
Q

Multiple tiny hypo-attenuating hepatic lesions:

A 
Candidiasis: immunocompromised.
Mets.
Lymphoma
Biliary hamartomas.
Caroli Disease.
Sarcoidosis - check spleen for same.
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4
Q

Hypervascular hepatic Mets:

A 
Neuroendocrine tumours: pancreatic neuroendocrine and carcinoid.
RCC
Thyroid carcinoma
Melanoma
Sarcoma
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5
Q

Hepatic Capsular retraction:

A 
Metastatic tumor (commonly post Tx)
Fibrolamellar HCC
HCC (rare)
Epitheloid haemangioendothelioma
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Confluent hepatic fibrosis
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6
Q

Pancreatic Mass without ductal dilation:

A 
Autoimmune pancreatitis
Groove pancreatitis
Cystic pancreatic tumour
Neuroendocrine tumour
GIST
Peri-pancreatic lymph node
Pancreatic Mets: RCC, thyroid, melanoma.
Lymphoma
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7
Q

Cystic Pancreatic Neoplasm:

A

Serous cystadenoma: Senile Grandmother, hypervascular, no duct dilation or tail atrophy, central stellate Ca++. (seen in VHL)

Mucinous cystic neoplasm: mother, benign with malignant potential, single / few large cysts, commonly body / tail, capsule.

Solid Papillary Epithelial Neoplasm (SPEN): daughter, low malignant potential, heterogenous solid cystic mass, haemorrhage, capsule.

Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN): grandfather, variable - can be malignant, main duct or side branch.

Pancreatic neuroEndocrine neoplasm: commonly central necrosis and Ca++, hypervascular. Hypervascular liver mass with associated pancreatic mass most likely metastatic pancreatic endocrine neoplasm. (Seen in VHL)

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8
Q

Hepatic lesion with a scar:

A 
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Fibrolamellar HCC: wild looking, T2 hypointense scar.
Cholangiocarcinoma
Haemangioma
HCC
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9
Q

Liver lesion with a capsule:

A

Adenoma
HCC
Cystadenoma / cystadenocarcinoma.

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10
Q

Liver lesion with central calcification:

A

Metastases (especially in colorectal tumors - mucinous)
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) - wild and large
Cholangiocarcinomas
Hemangiomas

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11
Q

Liver lesion containing fat:

A 
Adenoma
HCC
Metastatic liposarcoma
Angiomyolipoma
Glissons capsule lipoma / pseudo lipoma

Consider Dropped gall stone.

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12
Q

Liver lesion containing blood / haemorrhage

A

Adenoma

HCC

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13
Q

Cystic liver lesion:

A 
Simple cyst
Traumatic cyst
Bilioma
Caroli's disease
Cystic Mets
Abscesses
Hydatid disease
Biliary cystadenoma
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14
Q

Hypervascular liver lesion:

A

Benign:
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Adenoma
Haemangioma (looks like fire on PV, peripheral discontinuous nodular enhancement)

Aggressive:
HCC
Hypervascular Mets: RCC, thyroid, melanoma, neuroendocrine, breast, sarcomas.

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15
Q

Common causes liver capsule retraction:

A

Cholangiocarcinoma
Mets - commonly treated breast.
Focal atrophy due to biliary or venous obstruction.

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16
Q

Stomach Rams Horn Deformity:

A

Scarring from peptic ulcer disease.
Granulomatous disease: Crohns, sarcoid, TB, Syphillis.
Scirrhous Carcinoma.

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17
Q

Dilated oesophagus:

A

Achalasia
Pseudoachalsia
Scleroderma.

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18
Q

Liver mass with capsule retraction

A 
Focal confluent fibrosis
Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma
Mets / lymphoma.
HCC
Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma
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19
Q

Fat containing liver mass

A 
Steatosis (normal traversing vessels)
Pericaval fat deposition
HCC (small foci)
Hepatic adenoma
Hepatic Mets
Hepatic angiomyolipoma (TS, renal AMLs)
Alcohol ablated liver tumour
Teratoma
Liposarcoma
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20
Q

Mosaic / patchy hepatogram:

A 
Passive hepatic congestion
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Steatosis
Budd Chiari syndrome
Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis
Hepatic sarcoidosis
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21
Q

Hepatic Ca++:

A

Calcified granuloma (histoplasmosis > Tb)
Hepatic Mets (mucinous colon, breast, ovary, stomach)
Arterial Ca++
Ethiodol treated lesions
Cavernous Haemangioma
Hydatid cyst
Fibrolamellar HCC

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22
Q

Dysmorphic Liver with abnormal Bile Ducts:

A 
PSC
Cholangiocarcinoma
Cholangitis
AIDS cholangiopathy
Fibropolycystic liver disease (Caroli disease)
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23
Q

T1 hyperintense Liver lesions:

A 
Steatosis
Hepatic adenoma
HCC
Haemorrhagic hepatic cyst
Dysplastic and regenerative nodules
Liver haematoma
Hepatic Mets
Pyogenic abscess
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Hepatic angiomyolipoma
Peliosis
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24
Q

Liver lesion with capsule / Halo:

A 
Hepatic Mets
Pyogenic abscess
HCC
Haematoma
Adenoma
Hydatid cyst
Amebic abscess
Focal nodular hyperplasia
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25
Q

Focal Hyperdense Hepatic Mass on Non enhanced CT

A 
Cirrhotic Regenerating Nodule
Mass within fatty liver
Focal sparing in fatty liver
Mets
Haematoma
Haemorrhage within adenoma / HCC
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26
Q

Focal hepatic echogenic lesion +/- acoustic shadowing:

A 
Focal steatosis
Calcified granuloma
Haemangioma
Mets
Pneumobilia
Intra hepatic biliary calculi
Pyogenic hepatic abscess
Portal venous gas
HCC
Fibrolamellar HCC
Cholangiocarcinoma
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27
Q

Pancreatic duct dilation

A

Chronic pancreatitis
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Periampullary tumour
Obstructing distal common bile duct stone
Intra ductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.

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28
Q

Hypovascular Pancreatic Mass:

A 
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Chronic pancreatitis
Mucinous cystic neoplasm
Serous cystadenoma
Ampullary carcinoma.
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29
Q

Hypervascular Pancreatic Mass:

A 
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour
Pancreatic Met (RCC)
Pancreatic serous cystedoma with multiple enhancing septations.
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30
Q

Cystic Pancreatic Mass:

A

Intraductal papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (elderly men)
Pancreatic psuedo cyst
Pancreatic serous cystadenoma (“senile head of family”)
Mucinous cystic neoplasm (Mother, body/tail)
Solid Psuedopapillary Neoplasm (Daughter, Race minor)

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31
Q

Atrophy or Fatty replacement pancreas:

A 
Chronic pancreatitis
Senescent change
Obesity
Cystic Fibrosis
Cushing syndrome / steroid use
Lipomatous pseudohypertrophy
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
Agenesis dorsal pancreas.
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32
Q

Infiltration of peripancreatic fat planes:

A 
Acute pancreatits
Pancreatic ductal carcinoma
Anascara and portal HTN 
Traumatic pancreatitis
Duodenal / gastric ulcer
Shock pancreatits
Sclerosising mesenteritis
Autoimmune pancreatitis
Lymphoma
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33
Q

Pancreatic calcifications:

A

*Pancreatic adenocarcinoma alsomost never shows Ca++.
Chronic pancreatitis
Senescent change
Peripancreatic vascular calcification - splenic artery
Choledocholithiasis
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour
Pancreatic serous cystadenoma - central Ca++
Pancreatic muscinous cystic neoplasm - septation Ca++
Solid pseudopapillary Neoplasm - Ca++ common.
Pseudocyst

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34
Q

Distended Gall bladder:

A 
Cholecystits
Obstruction of CBD: choledocholithiasis, pancreatic ductal carcinoma, ampullarf carcinoma.
Acute pancreatitis.
Hepatitis.
Gall bladder empyema
AIDs Cholangiopathy
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35
Q

Pneumobilia / Pneumo-gall bladder:

A 
Sphincterotomy
Choledocholithiasis
Patulous Sphincter of Oddi
Biliary Enteric Anastomosis
Emphysematous cholecystitis.
Gass within gall stones.
Gall stone ileus / cholecysto-enteric fistula
Pyogenic cholangitis.

*Portal venous gas mimic: gas flows toward and collects in periphery of liver, on US causes spiky appearance on portal vein doppler. Biliary gas collects near porta hepatis.

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36
Q

Hyper dense bile within Gall bladder:

A 
Vicarious excretion
Layering of small gall stones.
Gall bladder sludge.
Hepatic / biliary trauma.
Milk of calcium bile.
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37
Q

Asymmetric Dilation of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts:

A 
PSC
Cholangiocarcinoma
ascending cholangitis
HCC
Hepatic mets or lymphoma
AIDs cholangiopathy
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.
Gall bladder carcinoma, with infiltration.

IgG4 disease causes a more diffuse picture of biliary involvement.

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38
Q

Hypointense Lesions in biliary tree on MRCP:

A

Choledocholithiasis
Pneumobilia
Surgical clip
Post transplantation biliary stricture.

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39
Q

Hypervascular Liver Mets:

A 
Islet cell tumour
Carcinoid
Thyroid
Renal
Pheochromocytoma
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40
Q

Liver mass with scar:

A

FNH: scar T2 bright, delayed enhancement.
Haemangioma
Fibrolamellar HCC: scar T2 dark, delayed partial C+, large wild looking.
HCC
Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma

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41
Q

Focal liver lesion with haemorrhage:

A 
Trauma
Hepatic adenoma
HCC
Hepatic cyst
AD polycystic disease
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42
Q

Cystic hepatic Mass:

A 
Hepatic cyst
AD polycystic disease
Pyogenic abscess
Amebic abscess
Biliary hamartoma
Bilioma
Mets.
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43
Q

Focal Hypervascular Liver lesion:

A 
Haemangioma
FNH
arterial portal shunt
THAD
HCC
Hepatic Mets
Hepatic adenoma
Hepatic AV malformation (Osler Weber Rendu)
Dysplastic Nodular Regenerative nodules
Fibrolamellar HCC
Peliosis Hepatitis
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44
Q

Periportal lucency:

A 
Hypervolaemia
Passive hepatic congestion
Acute hepatitis
Ascending cholangitis
POst transplant biliary necrosis.
45
Q

Diffuse gall bladder wall thickening: (>3mm)

A

Fluid overload / oedema:

  • Cirrhosis
  • CHF
  • Protein wasting nephropathy

Inflammatory / Infectious:

  • Cholecystitis
  • Hepatitis
  • Pancreatitis
  • Diverticulitis

Infiltrative neoplastic diseases:

  • GB carcinoma
  • GB mets - melanoma (rare)
46
Q

Focal GB wall thickening

A

Adenomyomatosis and cholesterol polyp
Varices
Adenomatous polyp
GB carcinoma

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis.
Porcelain GB
Melanoma Mets.

47
Q

Hypervascular pancreatic Mass:

A

Pancreatic islet cell tumour
Pancreatic Met
Serous cyst adenoma
accessory spleen.

48
Q

Multiple Biliary strictures:

A 
PSC
Ascending cholangitis
AIDS cholangiopathy
Post transplant liver
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis
Caroli disease.
Chemotherapy cholangitis.
49
Q

Pancreatitis Complications

A

Interstitial oedematous pancreatitis.
Necrotising pancreatitis.

Infected pancreatic necrosis
Central necrosis (disconnected duct syndrome)
Extra hepatic fat necrosis
Pseudoaneursym (splenic, gastroduodenal, pancreaticoduodenal arteries).
Venous thrombosis (splenic vein, portal vein, SMV).

Fluid collections:

  • Acute peripancreatic fluid collection: < 4 weeks post oedematous pancreatitis.
  • Pseudocyst: persisting > 4 weeks post oedematous pancreatitis.
  • Acute post necrotic fluid collection: <4weeks post necrotising pancreatitis.
  • Walled off necrosis: > 4 weeks post necrotising pancreatitis.
50
Q

Multiple splenic Ca++:

A 
Histoplasmosis
TB
arterial Ca++ and aneurysm
Pneumocystis Carinii
Splenic infarction
Splenic cyst
Hydatid cyst
51
Q

Solid Splenic Mass or Masses:

A 
Splenic trauma
Splenic infarction
Splenic mets
Lymphoma
Sarcoidosis
Infection / abscess.
52
Q

Cystic Splenic Mass:

A 
Splenic cyst: acquired or congenital.
Splenic trauma
Splenic infarction
Splenic Mets
Splenic lymphoma
Infection / abscess.
53
Q

Diffuse increased spleen attenuation:

A

Haemochromatosis secondary form.
Splenic infarction: sickle cell anaemia.
Opportunistic infection.

54
Q

Multiple Colonic Filling Defects:

A 
Feacal material
Colonic Polyps
Colon Carcinoma
UC
Familial polyposis
Gardner syndrome
55
Q

Colonic Fistula:

A 
Diverticulitis
Colon Carcinoma
Cervical Carcinoma
Endometrial Carcinoma
Ovarian Carcinoma
Cystitis
Crohn Disease
56
Q

Segmental Colonic narrowing:

A 
Colon Carcinoma
Diverticulitis
Ischaemic colitis
Colonic Mets
colonic Spasm
Infectious colitis
Ulcerative colitis.
TB
Radiation colitis
57
Q

Smooth Ahaustral Colon

A 
UC
Cathartic abuse
Crohn Disease
Senescent change
Toxic megacolon
Ischaemic colitis
Radiation Colitis
58
Q

Multiple masses or filling defects in Small Bowel:

A 
Lymphoid follicles
Intestinal parasitic disease
Intestinal Mets
Intramural benign intestinal tumours.
Hamartomatous polyposis syndromes
Gardner syndrome.
59
Q

Aneurysmal dilation of small bowel lumen:

A 
Small bowel lymphoma.
Small bowel Mets.
Bowel-bowel anastomosis.
GIST.
Small bowel diverticula.
Meckel diverticulum.
60
Q

Irregular Diffuse Small Bowel Fold Thickening:

A 
Celiac disease
Oppurtunistic intestinal infections.
Whipple disease.
Portal HTN varices.
Ischaemic enteritis.
Mets.
61
Q

Occult GI bleeding:

A 
Intestinal Vascular ectasia 
Crohn Disease
Mets / lymphoma
GIST
Carcinoid.
Small bowel carcinoma.
Small bowel vasculitis.
Ischaemic enteritis.
62
Q

Splenomegaly:

A

Massive:

  • Myeloproliferative disorders, CLL, Hairy cell leukaemia
  • Lymphoma
  • Malaria
  • Gaucher disease.

Moderate:

  • Chronic congestive: portal HTN, splenic vein obstruction.
  • Hereditary spherocytosis
  • Thalassemia
  • Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
  • Acute leukaemia
  • Amyloidosis
  • Niemann Pick disease
  • LCH
  • TB
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Mets.

Mild to moderate:

  • Cirrhosis with Portal HTN.
  • Acute Congestion.
  • Inflammatory / infection: mononucleosis, hepatitis, SLE.
63
Q

Duodenal filling Defects:

A 
Prolapsed astral mucosa
Duodenal polyps
Brunner Gandhi hyperplasia.
Pancreatic ductal carcinoma
Duodenal lipoma.
Duodenal haematoma
Duodenal carcinoma.
64
Q

Gastric antral narrowing:

A 
Gastritis
Gastric ulcer
Gastric carcinoma
Pancreatitis
Post surgery.
GIST.
65
Q

Target / Bull’s Eye lesion stomach:

A 
Gastric Mets
Gastric lymphoma
Kaposi Sarcoma
Gastric carcinoma
Ectopic pancreatic tissue
GIST.
66
Q

Gastric Ulceration without mass:

A 
NSAID induced gastritis
Gastritis
Gastric ulcer
Gastric carcinoma
Zollinger Ellison syndrome.
Crohn disease.
67
Q

Linitis PLastica:

A 
Gastric carcinoma
Mets
Caustic injury
Gastritis
Peritoneal mets.
Crohns disease
Oppurtunistic infection.
68
Q

Oesphageal ulceration:

A

Reflux oesophagitis.
Candida Oesophagitis.
Viral oesophagitis:
- CMV and HIV are large: “V” = Very large and ‘V” go together.
- Herpes multiple small and discrete and focal, with Halo.
Drug induced, caustic, radiation oesphagitis.
Oesphageal carcinoma.

69
Q

Extrinsic mass Oesophagus:

A 
Left main bronchus.
Aortic arch.
Aortic Aneurysms.
Hiatal hernia.
Mediastinal nodes.
Aberrant RSCA.
Enlarged thyroid.
70
Q

Intraluminal Mass Oesophagus:

A 
Oesphageal Carcinoma
Oesophageal FB
Intramural Benign Oesophageal tumour.
Thrombosed oesophageal varies.
Inflammatory polyp.
Candida Oesphagitis.
71
Q

Oesophageal Strictures:

A 
Reflux
Barretts
Carcinoma
Scleroderma
Mets
Radiation
Caustic
Drug induced.
Phemagoid.
Feline oesophagus:
 - Fine small rings
 - Distal 2/3, transient, seen with ruflux.
Eosinophilic oesophaus
 - Thicker Ring like, not transient.

Oesophageal web:

  • Anteriorly located.
  • assess for Plummer Vinson syndrome.
72
Q

Oesophageal Dysmotility:

A 
Presbyesophagus
Diffuse oesphageal spasm
Achalasia
Scleroderma
Reflux
Fundiplocation complication
73
Q

Oesophageal Outpouching / Diverticula:

A 
Zenker Diverticulum
Traction Diverticulum
Pulsion Diverticulum
Killen Jameson diverticulum
Intramural pseudo diverticulosis.
74
Q

Crohn’s disease Features:

A 
"CROHNS"
C: Cobble stone mucosa
R: rose thorn ulcers
O: Obstruction of bowel
H: Hyperplasia of mesenteric nodes
N: Narrowing of lumen
S: skip lesions
75
Q

Bowel Sacculations:

A 
"MISC"
M: Mets
I: Ischaemia
S: Scleroderma
C: Crohn Disease
76
Q

Generalised Colitis:

A 
I3 NR:
Infectious Colitis (E. Coli, CMV)
Inflammatory (Pseudomembranous colitis, Crohn, UC)
Ischaemic
Neoplastic (lymphoma)
Radiation
77
Q

Cystic lesions of spleen:

A 
"TEAM"
T: Trauma
E: Echinoccoal
A: Abscess
M: Mets
78
Q

Echogenic GB wall

A

Porcelain GB
GB packed full of stones (wall echo sign)
Emphysematous cholecystitis

79
Q

Diffuse GB wall thickening > 3mm

A 
Fluid overload:
 - cirrhosis
 - CHF
 - Protein wasting nephropathy
Inflammation / infection:
 - Cholecystits
 - Hepatitis
 - Pancreatitis
 - Diverticulitis
Infiltrative Neoplastic Disease:
 - GB carcinoma
 - Mets (rare)
80
Q

Focal GB wall thickening:

A 
Hyperplastic cholecystoses:
 - Adenomyomatosis
 - Cholesterol Polyp
Varicies
Neoplastic Disease:
 - Adenomatous polyp
 - GB carcinoma
 - Adjacent hepatic tumour.
81
Q

Non shadowing mass in gall bladder lumen:

A 
Tumefactive sludge (mobile)
Blood / pus (mobile)
GB polyp (immobile)
GB carcinoma (immobile)
82
Q

Hyperechoic Hepatic Mass:

A 
Haemangioma
Focal steastosis
Hepatic Met (colon, RCC, breast, carcinoid, choriocarcinoma)
Pyogenic abscess (Usually anechoic, while early lesions can be echogenic with poorly defined margins)
Hyperechoic HCC
Calcified granuloma
Hepatic adenoma
Hepatic angiomyolipoma.
83
Q

TIPS Stenosis signs on US:

A

High intra TIPS velocity >190cm/s or low intra TIPS velocity < 90cm/s suggests stenosis.
Intra TIPS velocity change of 50cm/s or more since baseline is concerning for stenosis
Low main portal vein velocity <30cm/s suggests TIPS stenosis.
TIPS occluded shows re reersal of flow in left and right portal veins becoming hepato-peta.

84
Q

Echogenic GB wall:

A

Porcelain GB
Gall bladder full of stones - wall echo shadow sign
Emphysematous cholecystitis

85
Q

Hypoechoic hepatic Mets:

A

Breast
Pancreas
Lung
Lymphoma

86
Q

Hyperechoic hepatic mets:

A 
Colon cancer
RCC
Breast
Carcinoid
Choriocarcinoma.
87
Q

Calcified hepatic mets (Hyperechoic with acoustic shadowing):

A

Colon cancer (mucinous)
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Osteosarcoma

88
Q

Cystic Hepatic Mets:

A

Ovarian cystadenocarcinoma

Gastrointestinal sarcoma

89
Q

Sparse liver Calcification on AXR:

A

Mucinous adenocarcinoma Met
Calcified giant cavernous haemangioma
Granulomatosis: TB, Histoplasmosis, brucellosis
Psuedomyxoma peritonei

90
Q

Haemochromatosis: primary vs secondary

A

Liver dark on T1 and T2
Low signal on IN PHASE, high signal on out of phase (Opposite to steathosis / fatty liver)
IRON on IN-phase.

Primary: AR inherited.
- Pancreas involved.

Secondary: transfusions

  • Spleen involved, pancreas spared.
  • Stem cells of bone marrow involved.
91
Q

Massive caudate lobe hypertrophy:

A

Budd Chiari
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.

92
Q

Splenic lesion DDx (Bayley)

A

Greater than 50% of the time lesions are non-specific
MRI of limited use
Often comes down to followup or biopsy

1) Sarcoidosis
- Usually multifocal lesions
- Very common
- Look at lungs/nodes

2) Metastases
- Most common primary is melanoma
- Usually small
- Look for other metastases elsewhere, rarely the only site

3) SANT (sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation)
- Rare as hens teeth
- Strange looking

4) Gamna-Gandy bodies
- Look for cirrhosis and evidence of portal hypertension
- Blood products in the spleen
- Not important pathologically but explains unusual splenic appearance

5) Cyst
- Common
- Normal cyst characteristics with thin wall and no enhancement
- In children differential diagnosis is epidermoid

6)Hamartoma

7) Lymphoma
- Non-specific focal lesions, look a bit like liver metastases
- Look for other signs, nodes, enlargement
- Quite common

93
Q

Intussesception causes:

A

Children - no lead point found, likely hyperplastic lymphoid tissue

gastrointestinal malignancy (most common cause in adults, accounting for 65% )

  • colorectal carcinoma (most common)
  • metastases, e.g. malignant melanoma, breast cancer, lung cancer
  • small bowel lymphoma/Burkitt lymphoma

benign neoplasms

  • gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)
  • intestinal polyps
  • intestinal lipoma
  • polypoid haemangioma
  • appendiceal mucocele

congenital

  • Meckel diverticulum: think in distal small bowel!
  • duplication cyst
  • ectopic pancreas
  • inflammatory
  • periappendicitis

trauma
- mural haematoma

94
Q

Nodular liver contour:

A 
Cirrhosis
Treated breast metastases
Bud Chiari syndrome
schistosoma infection
Confluent hepatic fibrosis.
95
Q

Oesphageal pseudodiverticula:

A

Reflux oesphagitis - assess for hiatal hernia.
Candida - longitudinal plaques.
Superficial spreading carcinoma
Drug induced oesphagitis

96
Q

Gastric fold thickening:

A 
Gastritis
Gastric carcinoma
Lymphoma
Metastatic disease
menetrier disease
97
Q

Ceacal pole mass:

A

appendicitis / appendiceal abscess
Ceacal / appendiceal carcinoma
Mucocele of appendix.
Lymphoma.

98
Q

Colonic wall thickening:

A

infectious colitis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Colon carcinoma
Ischaemic colitis

99
Q

Swallow: high stricture with associated hiatal hernia. Reticular mucosal pattern.

A

Barretts Oesphagus

100
Q

Swallow: transient fine transverse folds mid-lower oesphagus.

A

Feline oesphagus.

101
Q

Ribbon Bowel

A

Graft v Host

102
Q

hide bound bowel:

A

scleroderma

103
Q

Moulage sign / tube of wax:

A

Dilated jejunal loop with complete loss of jejunal folds = celiac

104
Q

Fold reversal:

A

Celiac

105
Q

Thread like defect in barium column in small bowel

A

Ascaris Suum

106
Q

Clover leaf sign:

A

Healed peptic ulcer of duodenal bulb

107
Q

Lemmel syndrome

A

Lemmel syndrome is defined as obstructive jaundice caused by a periampullary duodenal diverticulum compressing the intrapancreatic common bile duct with resultant bile duct dilatation.

108
Q

Low density nodes DDx:

A

Cystic / necrotic:

  • metastatic carcinome / lymphoma.
  • Infectious: TB or fungal
  • Celiac disease.

Fat containing nodes:

  • Whipple disease
  • Extra adrenal myelolipoma.

A DDx (14 decks)

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