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Anatomy Y2 > Head and Neck 5 > Flashcards

Head and Neck 5 Flashcards

1
Q

To which structure is the larynx continuous with superiorly?

A

Pharynx

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2
Q

What does the larynx continue as inferiorly?

A

Trachea

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3
Q

What is A?

A

Hyoid bone

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4
Q

What is B?

A

Epiglottis

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5
Q

What is C?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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6
Q

What is D?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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7
Q

What is E?

A

Epiglottis

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8
Q

What is F?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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9
Q

What is G?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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10
Q

What is H?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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11
Q

Prominance on which cartilage makes the “Adam’s apple”?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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12
Q

Which cartilage of the larynx is a complete ring shape?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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13
Q

What is the space between the laryngeal cartilages occupied by?

A

Dense connective tissue membranes

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14
Q

What is A?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

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15
Q

What is B?

A

Cricothyroid membrane

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16
Q

What is C?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

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17
Q

What is D?

A

Cricothyroid membrane

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18
Q

What is E?

A

Vocal fold with vocal cord

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19
Q

What structures form the laryngeal inlet?

A

Epiglottis- Anteroir

Aryepiglottic folds- lateral

Arytenoid cartilage - posterior

Corniculate cartilage- posterior

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20
Q

The lumen of the larynx can be divided into 3 parts, what are these?

A

upper part (Vestibule) - area between laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds (or false vocal cords)

Middle part - lies between vestibular folds and the true vocal cords

Lower part - extends from vocal cords to lower border of cricoid cartilage

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21
Q

Which one is the true vocal cords?

A

B

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22
Q

What is A?

A

Epiglottis

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23
Q

What is B?

A

Vestibule of larynx (upper part)

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24
Q

What is C?

A

Vestibular fold

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25
Q

What is D?

A

Interglottic space

26
Q

What is E?

A

Vocal fold

27
Q

What is F?

A

Lower part of the Larynx

28
Q

Nerve supply to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx is from what?

A

the vagus nerve CN X becomes the superior laryngeal nerve and divides at the hyoid bone into two branchs:

  1. the internal laryngeal nerve
  2. external laryngeal nerve

the internal laryngeal nerve supplies sensory to the vocal folds and the mucosa around it.

the external laryngeal nerve supplies the cricoid muscle (motor)

The recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies sensory and motor to the trehea and the all the larynx muscles expet the cricoid muscle.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (arises from CN X and has a different course on each side)

except for cricothyroid muscle (which is from superior laryngeal nerve, branch of CN X)

29
Q

What would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected?

A

inability to control the muscles of the larynx except the muscles of the cricoid muscles.

30
Q

]What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

31
Q

When are the vocal cords abducted?

A

Normal respiration

32
Q

When are the vocal cords fully abducted?

A

Rapid breathing such as after exercise

33
Q

When are the focal cords adducted?

A

Speaking/singing

34
Q

The roof of the nasopharynx is formed from what?

A

Sphenoid bone

35
Q

In relation to the larynx, the pharynx is?

A

Posterior

36
Q

What prevents the bolus from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing?

A

Uvula and soft palate

37
Q

What prevents the bolus from entering the larynx during swallowing?

A

Epiglottis

38
Q

What are the layers of the pharynx?

A

1) Outer circular muscular layer
2) Inner longitudinal muscular layer
3) Middle fibrous layer
4) Inner mucous membrane

39
Q

What is the outer circular muscle layer of the pharynx formed from?

A

Three constrictor (superior, middle and inferior) muscles

40
Q

What is the inner longitidual muscle layer of the pharynx formed from?

A

Stylophayngeus

Salpingopharyngeus

Palatopharyngeus

41
Q

What is A?

A

Superior constrictor

42
Q

What is B?

A

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

43
Q

What is C?

A

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

44
Q

What is D?

A

Oesophagus

45
Q

What is E?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

46
Q

What is F?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

47
Q

What is G?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

48
Q

What is H/

A

Buccinator

49
Q

What is I?

A

Pterygo-mandibular ligament

50
Q

What is J?

A

Maxillary bone

51
Q

What does the pharynx receive innervation from?

A

Pharyngeal plexus

52
Q

What nerves from the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Branches of vagus (CN X) and glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

53
Q

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the pharynx?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

54
Q

What nerve supplies most of the motor innervation to the pharynx?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

55
Q

What is the role played by the constrictor muscles during swallowing?

A

Constrict walls of pharynx

56
Q

What is the role played by the longitudinal layer of muscles during swallowing?

A

Elevate (shorten and widen) pharynx and larynx

57
Q

What role is played by tongue and palate muscles during swallowing?

A

Propels bolus posteriorly and palate prevents entrance to nasopharynx

58
Q

What lymphoid tissue protects the entrance to the oropharynx?

A

Pharyngeal lymphoid ring (Waldeyer’s ring)

59
Q

What is the purpose of the pharyngeal lymphoid ring?

A

Primary defects against pathogens from mouth/nose

60
Q

name the tonsils in Waldeyer’s ring?

A
  • 2X Palatine tonsils
  • 2X Tubal tonsils
  • 1X Pharyngeal tonsils ( Adenoids)
  • 1X Lingual tonsils

Anatomy Y2 (38 decks)

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