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Anatomy Y2 > Anatomy of the Shoulder and Elbow > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Shoulder and Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundries of Axilla

A
  1. Anterior Wall : Pectoralis Major muscle and Pecrolais Minor muscle.
  2. Posterior Wall : 3 muscles: Subscapularis, Teres Major and Latissimus Dorsi
  3. Medial Wall: Thoracic wall and Serratus Anterior muscle.
  4. Lateral wall: Inter-tubercular sulcus of the Humerus.
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2
Q

What are the contents of the Axilla?

A
  1. Brachial Plexus
  2. Axillary lymph nodes
  3. Axillary artery
  4. Axillary vein
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3
Q

The Axillary artery is a continuation of which artery?

A

The Subclavian Artery

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4
Q

At what anatomical point does the axillary artery begin?

A

At the outer border of the first rib

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5
Q

The axillary artery continues beyond the axilla as which vessel?

A

As the brachial artery

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6
Q

At what anatomical point does the name of this (Axillary artery) vessel change?

A

beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle

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7
Q

Brachial plexus is formed by……..?

A

the ventral rami of C5-C8 and T1

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8
Q
  1. Which nerve roots form the upper trunk ?
  2. Which nerve roots forms the lower trunk?
  3. Which nerve root forms the middle trunk?
A
  1. C5 and C6
  2. C8 and T1
  3. C7
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9
Q

Which artery and vein are the trunks closely related to?

A

The Axillary vein and Axillary artery

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10
Q
  1. Damage to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus causes what….? and which groups of muscles are effected? they are supplied by nerve roots C5 and C6.
  2. Damage to the lower trunk causes….?
  3. what is the characteristic of each Palsy?
  4. What causes both Palsy?
A
  1. Erb’s Palsy
  2. Klumpke’s Palsy
  3. Erb’s Palsy:‘waiter’s tip’ appearance of the upper limb. Medial rotation of the arm with wrist flexion. This is caused by hyper-extension injury of the head from the shoulder.Klumpke’s Palsy:‘claw hand’ effecting the intrinsic muscles of the hand, flexor muscles of the wrist and flexor muscles of the fingers.
  4. Both are caused by Dystocia at birth or Trauma injury.
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11
Q

What are the Five terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A
  1. Ulna nerve
  2. Median nerve
  3. Radial nerve
  4. Musculocutaneous nerve
  5. Axillary nerve
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12
Q

From which Brachial plexus Cord does each of the fellowing terminal nerves originate?

draw it?

  1. Axillary nerve
  2. Radial nerve
  3. Median nerve
  4. Musculocutaneous nerve
  5. Ulna nerve
A
  1. Posterior Cord—- Axillary and Radial nerves
  2. Lateral Cord—— Musculocutaneous nerve
  3. Medial Cord—— Ulna nerve
  4. From both medial and lateral cord—- Median nerve
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13
Q

What is the pectoral girdle?

A

Set of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on each side

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14
Q

How does neurovascular supply enter the upper limbs?

A

Neurovascular supply enters into upper limb below scapula and through axilla:

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15
Q

What are the main nerves of the upper extremities?

A
  • Axillary
    • Shoulder
  • Musculocutaneous
    • Flexor compartment of arm
  • Radial
    • Almost all extensors muscles in posterior arm and forearm
  • Ulnar nerve
    • Few medial muscles in forearm and most small muscles in hand
  • Median nerve
    • Most of flexor compartment of forearm and few muscles in hand related to thumb
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16
Q

What are of the body does the axillary nerve supply?

A

Shoulder

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17
Q

What area of the body does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

Flexor compartment of arm

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18
Q

What area of the body does the radial nerve supply?

A
  • Almost all extensors muscles in posterior arm and forearm
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19
Q

What area of the body does the ulnar nerve supply?

A
  • Few medial muscles in forearm and most small muscles in hand
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20
Q

What area of the body does the median nerve supply?

A
  • Most of flexor compartment of forearm and few muscles in hand related to thumb
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21
Q

Above, and below, the elbow is refered to as what?

A

Above - arm

Below - forearm

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22
Q

What are examples of dorsal muscles of the shoulder?

A

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

Levator scapulae

Rhomboids

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23
Q

What are examples of ventral muscles of the shoulder?

A

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

Serratus anterior

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24
Q

What movements are done by the trapezius?

A
  • Elevation
  • Retraction
  • Depression
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25
Q

What movement is done by the levator scapulae?

A

Elevation

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26
Q

What movements are done by the rhomboids?

A
  • Elevation
  • Retraction
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27
Q

Does the latissmus dorsi attach to the shoulder?

A

No, attaches to the humerus

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28
Q

What is A?

A

Trapezius

29
Q

What is B?

A

Latissimus dorsi

30
Q

What is C?

A

Rhomboids

31
Q

What is D?

A

Levator scapulae

32
Q

What movement is done by the serratus anterior?

A

Protraction

33
Q

What nerve supplies the serratus anterior?

A

Lumbothoracic nerve

34
Q

What is a common sign of injury to the lumbothoracic nerve?

A

Winged scapula

35
Q

What is A?

A

Pectoralis major

36
Q

What is B?

A

Serratus anterior

37
Q

What are the different parts of the deltoid?

A
  • Anterior part
    • Flexion
    • Adduction
  • Lateral part
    • Abduction
  • Posterior part
    • Extension
    • Adduction
38
Q

What movements are done by the anterior part of deltoid?

A
  • Flexion
  • Adduction
39
Q

What movements are done by the lateral part of the deltoid?

A

Abduction

40
Q

What movements are done by the posterior part of deltoid?

A
  • Extension
  • Adduction
41
Q

What nerve supplies the deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve

42
Q

How is the axillary nerve often damaged?

A

Shoulder dislocation

43
Q

What muscles form the posterior group of the rotary cuff muscles?

A
  • Supraspinatus
    • Assist abduction
  • Infraspinatus
    • Lateral rotation
  • Teres minor
    • Lateral rotation
  • Teres major
    • Medial rotation
    • Does not stabilises shoulder joint as attaches to anterior humerus without crossing joint
44
Q

What movement is done by the supraspinatus?

A

Assists abduction

45
Q

What movement is done by the infraspinatus?

A

Lateral rotation

46
Q

What movement is done by the tere minor?

A

Lateral rotation

47
Q

What movement is done by the teres major?

A

Medial rotation

48
Q

What is the main function of rotary cuff muscles?

A

Stabalise joint

49
Q

What is the only muscles of posterior group of rotary cuff muscles not to stabilise joint?

A

Tere major because attaches to anterior humerus without crossing shoulder joint

50
Q

What is A?

A

Supraspinatus

51
Q

What is B?

A

Infraspinatus

52
Q

What is C?

A

Teres minor

53
Q

What is D?

A

Teres major

54
Q

What muscle is in the anterior group of rotary cuff muscles?

A

Subscapularis

55
Q

What movement is done by the subscapularis?

A

Medial rotation

56
Q

What are the posterior muscles of the elbow?

A
  • Triceps brachii
    • Attaches to olecranon process of the ulna bone
    • 3 heads (hence triceps)
      • Lateral head
      • Long head
      • Medial head
    • Extends arm at glenohumeral joint (shoulder) and extends arm at elbow joint
57
Q

Where does the tricep brachii attach to?

A
  • Attaches to olecranon process of the ulna bone
58
Q

What are the different heads of the tricep brachii?

A
  • Lateral head
  • Long head
  • Medial head
59
Q

What movements are done by the tricep brachii?

A
  • Extends arm at glenohumeral joint (shoulder) and extends arm at elbow joint
60
Q

What nerve supplies the tricep brachii?

A

Radial nerve travels on surface of posterior humerus deep to muscle, supplying tricep

61
Q

What often damages the radial nerve?

A

Humeral fracture

62
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the elbow?

A
  • Bicep brachii
    • 2 heads
      • Long head
      • Short head
    • Crosses 2 joints like triceps, meaning flexes both joints – glenohumeral and elbow
    • Also does supernation
      • Agonists are pronator teres and pronator quadratus
    • Attaches to radias
  • Brachialis
    • Attaches to ulna
    • Flexion of elbow
  • Brachioradialis
    • Strong flexor in mid-position
63
Q

What are the heads of the bicep brachii?

A
  • 2 heads
    • Long head
    • Short head
64
Q

What movements are done by bicep brachii?

A
  • Crosses 2 joints like triceps, meaning flexes both joints – glenohumeral and elbow
  • Also does supernation
    • Agonists are pronator teres and pronator quadratus
65
Q

What are agonists to the bicep brachiis action of supernation?

A
  • Agonists are pronator teres and pronator quadratus
66
Q

What bone does the bicep brachii attach to?

A
  • Attaches to radias
67
Q

What bone does the brachialis attach to?

A

Ulna

68
Q

What movement is done by the brachialis?

A

Flexion of elbow

69
Q

What movement is done by brachioradialis?

A
  • Strong flexor in mid-position

Anatomy Y2 (38 decks)

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