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Anatomy Y2 > Head and Neck 3 > Flashcards

Head and Neck 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nose?

A

Traps dirt

Respiration

Humidification of inspired air

Olfaction (smell)

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2
Q

The nasal cavity is divided into 2 parts by what?

A

Midline nasal septum

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3
Q

The palate is made up of what?

A

Bony palate anteriorly

Soft palate posteriorly

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4
Q

What seperates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity?

A

Palate

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5
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A

Open valve - respiration

Partially closed valve - orifice can be modulated in phonation

Closed valve - protecting trachea (deglutition -diig-luu-ti-tion)

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx - lying behind the nasal fossae and above soft palate

Oropharynx - lying behind anterior pillars of the fauces

Laryngopharnx - lying behind larynx

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7
Q

What vertebral level does the trachea begin?

A

C6

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8
Q

Where does the trachea lie relative to the oesophagus?

A

Anterior

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9
Q

What is A?

A

Frontal sinus

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10
Q

What is B?

A

Nasal Cavity

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11
Q

What is C?

A

Hard palate

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12
Q

What is D?

A

Genioglossus

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13
Q

What is E?

A

Geniohyoid / Mylohyhoid

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14
Q

What is F?

A

Hyoid

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15
Q

What is G?

A

Trachea

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16
Q

What is H?

A

Oesophagus

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17
Q

What is I?

A

Larynx

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18
Q

What is J?

A

Laryngopharynx

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19
Q

What is K?

A

Soft palate

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20
Q

What is L?

A

Sphenoid sinus

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21
Q

What is M?

A

Concha (inferior, middle, superior)

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22
Q

To which bone do the nasal aperatures articulate with superiorly at the nasion?

A

Frontal bone

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23
Q

What is A?

A

Frontal bone

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24
Q

What is B?

A

Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

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25
Q

What is C?

A

Sphenoid bone

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26
Q

What is D?

A

palatine bone

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27
Q

What is E?

A

Palatine process of maxilla

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28
Q

What is F?

A

Inferior concha

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29
Q

What is G?

A

Nasal bone

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30
Q

The floor of the nasal cavity is formed from what?

A
  1. The hard palate : Palatine processes of the maxillae and the palatine bones form the hard palate
  2. The soft palate: muscle tissue
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31
Q

The roof of the nose is formed from what?

A

Anteriorly to posteriorly, the nasal bones, part of the frontal bone as well as the ethmoid bone and the body of the sphenoid bone

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32
Q

What 2 bones form the nasal septum?

A

Vomer bone

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

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33
Q

What structure lies anterior to the vomer and ethmoid bones to complete the nasal septum?

A

Septal cartilage

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34
Q

What is A?

A

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid

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35
Q

What is D?

A

Crest of Maxilla

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36
Q

What is B?

A

Sphenoid sinus

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37
Q

What is C?

A

Palatine

38
Q

What is I?

A

Cribiform plate

39
Q

What is E?

A

Septal cartilage

40
Q

What is F?

A

Vomer

41
Q

What is G?

A

Nasal bone

42
Q

What is H?

A

Frontal sinus

43
Q

What passes through the cribiform plate?

A

1st cranial nerve / Olfactory nerves

44
Q

What attaches to the crista gali?

A

Falx cerebri

45
Q

What is A?

A

Crista galli

46
Q

What is B?

A

Superior concha

47
Q

What is C?

A

Middle concha

48
Q

What is D?

A

Perpendicular plate

49
Q

What is E?

A

Ethmoid air cells

50
Q

What is F?

A

Orbital plate

51
Q

What is G?

A

Olfactory foramina

52
Q

What is H?

A

Cribiform plate

53
Q

What kind of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa which lines most of the nasal cavity?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

54
Q

What is the roof of the nasal cavity lined by?

A

Olfactory mucosa

55
Q

Which plate of bone lying on the roof of the cranial cavity do axons of this nerve pass through to enter into the cranial cavity?

A

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

56
Q

What are the 3 projections on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity called?

A

Conchae

57
Q

What is the space inferior to each concha called?

A

Meatus

58
Q

What is A?

A

Superior concha

59
Q

What is B?

A

Middle concha

60
Q

What is C?

A

Inferior concha

61
Q

What is D?

A

Inferior meatus

62
Q

What is E?

A

Inferior concha

63
Q

What is F?

A

Middle meatus

64
Q

What is G?

A

Middle concha

65
Q

What is H?

A

Superior meatus

66
Q

What is I?

A

Superior concha

67
Q

What is the name given to the space above the superior concha?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

68
Q

The inferior concha is on a seperate bone, what bone is the superior and middle conchae on?

A

Ethmoid bone

69
Q

Arterial supply to the nose is via what?

A

Branches of the opthalamic artery (which is a branch of ICA) and the sphenopalatine artery which is a branch or the Maxillary artery. Maxillary artery is branch of ECA.

70
Q

What is the opthalmic artery a branch of?

A

ICA

71
Q

What clinical implication does the rich vascular supply of the nose have?

A

Epistaxis (nose bleed)

72
Q

Venous drainage of the nose is via what?

A

A venous plexus

73
Q

What are examples of structures that open into meatuses in the nose?

A

Number of structures including opening of paranasal air sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct

74
Q

What are paranasal air sinuses?

A

Air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of nasal cavity into cranial bones

75
Q

What are the functions of paranasal air sinuses?

A

Decrease weight of the skull

Increase resonance of voice

76
Q

What kind of mucosa lines paranasal air sinuses?

A

Respiratory mucosa similar to and continous with that lining the nasal cavity

77
Q

What is a clinical implication of the mucosa lining air sinuses being continuous to that lining the nasal cavity?

A

Sinusitis, infection can spread easily

78
Q

What opens into the spheno-ethmoid recess?

A

Sphenoid sinus

79
Q

What opens into the superior meatus?

A

Posterior ethmoidal air cells

80
Q

What opens into the middle meatus?

A

Frontal sinus

Maxillary sinus

Anterior ethmoid air cells

MIddle ethmoid air cells

81
Q

What opens into the inferior meatus?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

82
Q

Since the paranasal air sinuses are lined with cilliated psudostratified columnar epithelium which secrete nasal secretions, what sinus has the most trouble draining its secretions into the nasal cavity?

A

Maxillary - opening is not at its most inferior part so secretions do not drain well

83
Q

Branches of what cranial nerve innervates all of the sinuses and air cells?

A

The trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve, or simply CN V)

84
Q

What innervates the frontal air sinus?

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear (V1)

85
Q

What innervates sphenoid air sinus?

A

V1 and V2

86
Q

What innervates maxillary air sinus?

A

V2

87
Q

What innervates ethmoidal air cells?

A

Ethmoidal nerve (V1 branches)

88
Q

What does the soft palate do during deglutition?

A

Cuts of the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx to prevent regurgitation of food through the nose

89
Q

What bone forms the roof of the nasopharynx?

A

Sphenoid bone

90
Q

What 2 important structures lie in the nasopharynx?

A

Collection of lymphoid tissue called adenoid or nasopharyngeal tonsil

Orifice of the pharyngotympanic (also called Eustachian tube) lies on the side-wall of nasopharynx level with floor of nose

91
Q

What is the pharyngotympanic tube also called?

A

Eustachian tube

Anatomy Y2 (38 decks)

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