1.2 The SCALP

Question 1

Where does the Scalp extend to anteriorly?

Answer 1

The Supra-Orbital Margins

Question 2

Where does the Scalp extend to postteriorly?

Answer 2

The Superior Nuchal Lines

Question 3

Where does the Scalp extend to laterally?

Answer 3

superoir temporal line

Question 4

Which bone are the Superior Nuchal Lines a part of?

Answer 4

The Occipital Bone

Question 5

What type of joint is present at the Zygomatic Arch?

Answer 5

A Fibrous Suture joint (The Zygomaticotemporal Suture)

Question 6

What are the 5 layers of the Scalp?

Answer 6

Skin Connective Tissue (Dense) Aponeurosis of the Occipitofrontalis Muscle (Epicranial Aponeurosis Loose Connective Tissue periosteum

Question 7

What are the 2 Bellies of the Occipitofrontalis Muscle and what connects them?

Answer 7

Anterior Belly - Frontal Belly Posterior Belly - Occipital Belly They are both connected by the Aponeurosis

Question 8

What action is produced by the contraction of the Anterior Belly of the Ocipitofrontalis Muscle? AND What action is produced by the contraction of the posterior belly or the occipital belly?

Answer 8

Anterior or frontal belly : Raising of the Eyebrows / Forehead

Posterior or occipital belly: Retracts the scalp.

Question 9

What is the nerve supply to anterior part of the Scalp? (Anterior to the External Ear)

Answer 9

Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve: V1 - The Opthalmic Division V2 - The Maxillary Division V3 - The Mandibular Division

Question 10

What is the nerve supply to posterior part of the Scalp? (Posterior to the External Ear)

Answer 10

Cutaneous Brances of of the Cervical Spinal Nerves C2, C3 and C4

Question 11

Which rami of of the Cervical Spinal Nerves supply the posterior part of the Scalp

Answer 11

Both Anterior and Posterior Rami

Question 12

What structure forms from the Ventral rami of C5 to T1?

Answer 12

The Brachial Plexus which is the nerve supply to the upper limb

Question 13

In which layer of the Scalp are blood vessels present?

Answer 13

The Dense Connective Tissue (the 2nd layer)

Question 14

Where do the Supratrochlear artery, and the Supraorbital, artery branch from?

Answer 14

The Internal Carotid Artery

Question 15

Where do the Zygomaticotemporal artery, Superficial Temporal artery, Posterior Auricular artery, and the Occipital artery branch from?

Answer 15

The External Carotid Artery

Question 16

Where can the pulse of the Superficial Temporal Artery be felt?

Answer 16

In front of the Tragus of the Ear

Question 17

What are the 5 veins which drain the Scalp?

Answer 17

1. The Supratrochlear Vein 2. The Supraorbital Vein 3. The Facial Vein 4. The Superficial Temporal Vein 5. The Occipital Vein

Question 18

What are the 2 main veins, which most of the venous drainage of the Face/Scalp, drain into?

Answer 18

1. The Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) 2. The External Jugular Vein (EJV)

Question 19

Other than with other veins on the Scalp, what can veins anastamose with?

Answer 19

Diploic veins in the skull bones (Emissary Veins)

Question 20

Where do Emissary Veins drain to?

Answer 20

The Venous Sinuses of the Brain

Question 21

Do Emissary Veins have valves?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

What complication can arise from Scalp infections?

Answer 22

Due to the presence of Emissary Veins, infection can spread to within the Cranial Cavity