Head And Neck Flashcards by Ron Kristofer Lapada

A cancellous layer containing vascular spaces - sandwiched between the inner and outer tables of cortical bone

Diploic space

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Paired foramina or areas of thin bone close to the midline in the parietal bones

Parietal foramina

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Formed by two frontal bones that unite at the

Metopic suture

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Paired parietal bones joined in the midline by

Sagittal suture

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Frontal bones join the parietal bones at the

Coronal suture

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Junction of coronal and sagittal sutures

Bregma

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Occipital bone joins the parietal bone at the

Lambdoid suture

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Lambdoid and sagittal sutures joins at the

Lambda

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Outer layer of the dura

Endosteum

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Intersection of the sutures between the frontal, sphenoidal, parietal and temporal bones

Pterion

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Point where the squamosal suture meets the lambdoid suture

Asterion

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Thin, depressed bone separating the anterior cranial fossa from the nasal cavity

Cribriform plate

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Deep fossa seen superior of the sphenoid body

Sella turcica/pituitary fossa

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Supports the frontal lobe

Anterior cranial fossa

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Contains temporal, pituitary gland and most of the foramina of the brain

Middle cranial fossa

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Largest and deepest fossa, contains the cerebellum, pons and medulla

Posterior cranial fossa

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Triangular defect between the greater and lesser wing
Transmits cranial nerves
Best seen on what view

Superior orbital fissure
V1(orbital),III, IV and VI
Occipitofrontal view(20 deg)

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Posterior to SO fissure, runs from the middle cranial fossa to the pterygopalatine fossa
Transmits cranial nerve

Foramen rotundum
V2 (maxillary)

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Posterolateral to the foramen rotundum, runs from middle cranial fossa to infratemporalnfossa

Transmit cranial nerve

Best seen on

Foramen ovale

V3 (mandibular) and accessory meningeal artery

Submentovertical (SMV) projection

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Posterolateral to the foramen rotundum
Transmits artery
Best seen on

Foramen spinosum
Middle meningeal artery
SMV skull projection

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Ragged bony canal posteromedial to the foramen ovale at the apex of the petrous bone

What passes?

Foramen lacerum

Internal carotid artery

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Run from the posterior cranial fossa through the posterior wall of the petrous bone into the inner ear

Transmits cranial nerve

Best seen on

Internal auditory meatus and canal

VII and VIII and internal auditory artery

AP of the skull

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Irregular opening situated at the posterior end of the junction of the occipital and petrous bones

Transmits the cranial nerves

Jugular foramen

9,10, 11 and internal jugular vein

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Anterior to foramen magnum and medial to the jugular fossa

Transmits cranial nerve

Hypoglossal canal

12th cranial nerve

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Runs from posterior cranial fossa to the spinal canal Transmits Best seen on

Foramen magnum Medulla oblongata SMV projection

Pituitary fossa dimensions Length Depth

11-16 mm 8-12 mm

J shaped, omega or hour glass sella, normal variant

Elongated pituitary fossa with prominent sulcus chiasmaticus

Grooves for the transverse sinus are readily seen on the

Townes projection

Metopic suture normally disappears by

2 y.o

Suture between the anterior part of the occipital bone and the sphenoid bone

Sphenooccipital synchondrosis

Posterior fontanelle

Closes by 6-8months

Anterior fontanelle

15-18months

Lateral fontanelle

2 pairs second to third month

Sutures -6months -first year -2 years

-narrowed to 3mm -interlock -assume the serrated appearance

Fastest period of growth of the skull vault Adult proportions

1st year of life 7 y.o

Midline structure situated behind the third ventricle

Pineal gland

Forms the eminence of the cheek, also known as the malar bone

Zygoma

Linear lucencies in the nasal bones that run vertically are grooves for the _____

Ethmoidal nerves

Four sided pyramidal bony cavity

Orbit

Transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

Optic foramen

Bony orbit 1. Superior - 2. Lateral - 3. Medial - 4. Inferior -

1. orbital plate of the frontal bone and lesser wing of sphenoid 2. zygomatic bone and greater wing 3. maxillary, lacrimal and ethmoid 4. Orbital process of the maxillary bone

Bone between orbit and ethmoids that is paperthin

Lamina papyracea

Fibrous covering that lines the bony cavity of the orbit

Periorbita

Xray beam hitting the curving greater wing of sphenoid at a tanget

Innominate line

Normal optic foramen is less than __

7mm

Suppies the lower part of the nasal cavity

Greater palatine artery

Supplies the superior part of the nasal cavity

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery

Common site for anterior epistaxis

Littles area(anterior and inferior part of the nasal septum)

Enlargement of the 1. Anterior cells 2. Posterior cells

1. Agger nasi cells 2. Haller's cells

Bearing the pituitary gland with the optic chiasm

Sella turcica

Largest of the paranasal sinuses

Maxillary sinus

Four processes of the maxillary

Orbital Zygomatic Alveolar (bears the teeth) Palatine (roof of mouth)

Medial wall of the sinus is continued superiorly as a bony projection

Uncinate process

Frontal (& ethmoid) sinuses are not visible until the age of ____ Adult proportions at

2 y.o 14 y.o

Pneumatization of sphenoid happens at age ____

3 y.o

Sinus that first to appear

Maxillary (Alveolar process 6 y.o)

TMJ (attachment) Anterior band Posterior band

Lateral pterygoid muscle Temporal bone (translational zone)

Total count Milk/decidous teeth Permanent teeth

20 32

Hardest and most radioopaque substance in the body

Enamel

The symphysis menti fuses at what age?

2 y.o

First permanent molar erupts at

6 y.o

Gives panoramic image of both dental arches

Dental pantomogram

Tongue parts Arise from the inner surface symphysis menti Arise from hyoid bone Passes styloid

Genioglossus Hyo and chondroglossus Styloglossus

Largest of the salivary glands

Parotid gland

Length of parotid duct/stensen duct

5cm long

Length if submandibular duct (wharton)

5cm

Continuous with the dura mater and lines the bony cavity of the orbit

Periorbita

Globe (outermost) Anterior transparent Posterior opaque Junction

Cornea Sclera Limbus

Covers the sclera from the limbus

Tenon's capsule

Four rectus muscle arise from a common tendinous ring called

Annulus of Zinn

Globe (middle layer) Posterior - Anterior -

Uveal tract choroid ciliary body and iris

Alters the shape of the lens

Ciliary muscle

Innermost -

Retina

Bifurcation of common carotid