Breast Anatomy

Question 1

Normal thickness of the skin of the breast

Answer 1

2-3mm

Question 2

Skin thickness is best evaluated on _____ when the area of concern is tangential to the xray beam

Answer 2

Mammography

Question 3

Nipple areolar complex (NAC) is usually located at the

Answer 3

4th intercostal space in a non pendulous breast

Question 4

Open to the skin surface at the Morgagni tubercles which are 1 to 2 mm raised bumps around the periphery of the areola

Answer 4

Montgomery glands (apocrine glands)

Question 5

Create an internal framework or scaffolding that supports the breast. Normally they have scalloped appearance with undulating curves that can resemble the waves of the ocean

Answer 5

Cooper ligaments

Question 6

When does the stoma of the breast becomes more fatty

Answer 6

After menopause

Question 7

Most compressible structure in the breast. AP dimension decreases by 30% or more upon compression

Answer 7

Fat lobule

Question 8

Glandular tissue components in breast

Answer 8

Lobules and milk ducts

Question 9

Important reservoir for milk during lactation and breast feeding

Answer 9

Lactiferous sinus

Question 10

Ductal system is best demonstrated on ____ where in a single duct orifice on the nipple is cannulated with a small probe

Answer 10

Galactography

Question 11

Most worrisome for DCIS

Answer 11

Suspicious microcalcifications that are linear or segmental may be conforming to the shape of a ductal system

Question 12

Ductal systems

Answer 12

Ductal system - lobes
Lobes - 20 to 40 lobules
Lobules - 10 to 100 alveoli

Question 13

Smallest function units responsible for milk production

Answer 13

Alveoli

Question 14

Gives rise to numerous pathologies and is the site where most ductal and lobular carcinomas are thought to arise

Answer 14

TDLU (Terminal Duct Lobular Unit)

Question 15

Lobules and milk ducts are interspersed with fat and fibrous stroma

Answer 15

Fibroglandular tissue

Question 16

Amount of fat relative to the amount of fibroglandular tissue measured on mammography

Answer 16

Breast density

Question 17

The majority of fibroglandular tissue

Answer 17

Upper outer quadrant

Question 18

“Shrinking breast” may be a sign of what

Answer 18

ILC (Invasive Lobular Carcinoma)

Question 19

Lie immediately deep to the breast. Seen on the mediolateral oblique (MLO) view of the mammogram

Answer 19

Pectoralis Major

Question 20

Male breast is composed of

Answer 20

Nipple-Areolar Complex (NAC) and rudimentary milk ducts

Question 21

Usual breast cancer in men

Answer 21

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

Question 22

Most common method of spread for breast cancers

Answer 22

Lymphatic Drainage

Question 23

One of the strongest prognostic features for patients with breast cancer

Answer 23

Lymph node metastasis

Question 24

Strongest predictors of metastasis

Answer 24

Morphology and cortical thickness(<2.3mm in patients with breast cancer)

Question 25

Normal cortical thickness of an axillary node in women WITHOUT breast cancer

Answer 25

3mm

Question 26

The afferent lymphatics channels first pass through the

Answer 26

Cortex of a node

Question 27

Large lymphatic plexus under the NAC

Answer 27

Subareolar or Sappey plexus

Question 28

First lymph node encountered

Answer 28

Sentinel lymph node

Question 29

Axillary nodes level

Answer 29

Level 1 - lateral to the pectoralis minor (identified during axillary node dissection) Level 2 - posterior to the pectoralis minor Level 3 - medial to the pectoralis minor Rotter nodes - nodes located between the pectoralis major and minor

Question 30

Anatomy of an intramammary node is easily evaluated with

Answer 30

Digital breast tomosynthesis

Question 31

Blood supply to the breast

Answer 31

Internal Mammary - Medial and central parts of the breast Lateral Thoracic Artery - upper and outer portions of the breast

Question 32

Thrombophlebitis of a superficial vein

Answer 32

Mondors disease

Question 33

The ventral ectoderm folds inward to form two symmetric lines. Extends from the axilla to the groin

Answer 33

Milk Streak

Question 34

Most common location of accessory breast tissue

Answer 34

Axilla ( 2 to 6% )

Question 35

Poland syndrome

Answer 35

``` Absence of pectoral muscle Chest wall deformity Breast anomalies Symbrachydactyly Hypoplasia of the middle phalanges Central skin webbing ```

Question 36

Most breast cancers arise from the

Answer 36

Epithelium of the milk ducts and the lobules

Question 37

Milk ducts that extends to the surface of the nipple

Answer 37

10-15 (range 5-20)

Question 38

First place that a metastasis is deposited

Answer 38

Immediate subcortical region

Question 39

Nodes located between the pectoralis minor and major

Answer 39

Rotter

Question 40

Breast development begins during the __ of development

Answer 40

5th week

Question 41

Presence of accessory nipple

Answer 41

Polythelia

Question 42

Presence of accessory breast tissue

Answer 42

Polymastia

Question 43

Congenital absence of the breast

Answer 43

Amastia

Question 44

Nipple is present without underlying breast tissue

Answer 44

Amazia

Question 45

Site of milk production during pregnancy and lactation

Answer 45

Lobules