Chest Anatomy Flashcards
A flat band of muscle and connective tissue
Posterior tracheal membrane
Tracheal mucosa consist of
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Length of trachea;diameter
12cm; 25mm
Tracheal coronal to sagittal ratio
> / 0.6:1.0
Interface of the right upper lobe with the right lateral tracheal wall
Right Paratracheal stripe <4mm
Measurement of tracheoesophageal stripe
Less than 5mm
Right maik bronchus vs left main bronchus length
2.2 cm vs 5cm
Right bronchial segments; blood supply
RUL: anterior, apical, posterior; RUL pulmonary artery
RML: medial and lateral; proximal right interlobar pulmo artery
RLL: superior and basal(anterior, posterior, lateral and medial); RLL pulmonary artery
LEFT LUNGS SEGMENTS and blood supply
LUL: anterior, apicoposterior(upper division of the left main pulmonary artery), superior and inferior lingular segments ( left interlobar pulmonary artery)
LLL: superior and basal (anteromedial, lateral and posterior) LLL pulmonary artery
Flattened squamous pneumocyte covering 95% of the alveolar surface area. Incapable of repair or mitosis
Type 1 pneumocyte
Rarer cuboidal that are seen on light microscopy and are capable of mitosis. Source of alveolar surfactant
Type 2 pneumocyte
Separates the medial basal from the remaining basal segments of the lower lobe. Also responsible for the juxtaphrenic peak described in upper lobe volume loss.
Inferior accessory fissure (10 to 20% of individuals)
Separates the superior segment from the basal segments of the lower lobe
Superior accessory fissure
Arch formed by the LLL artery over the left hilar bronchi is seen on lateral radiograph
Bronchus is Hyparterial
The right interlobar artery courses anterolateral to the bronchus
Bronchus is eparterial
Right bronchial artery arises from
Posterolateral wall of the aorta
Left bronchial artery arises from
Anterolateral wall of the aorta or rarely from an intercostal artery
Perivenous lymphatics and their surrounding connective tissues when distended by fluid account for the radiographic appearance of
Kerley A lines
Edema of the axial interstitium os recognized radiographically as
Peribronchial cuffing
Edema of the peripheral and subpleural interstitium accounts for the
Kerley B lines
Reflects contact of the anterosuperior aspect of the upper lobes
Retrosternal space (anterior junction line)
Radiolucent region representing contact of the posterosuperior portions of the upper lobe
Retrotracheal space pr Raider triangle
Located between the posterior border of the heart/IVC and the thorwcic spine
Retrocardiac space
Thickness of the right paratracheal stripe as measured above the level of the azygous vein
Should not exceed 4mm
Azygous venous diameter
<10mm
Extends from upper sternum to base of heart
Anterior junction line
Extends from upper thoracic spine to level of azygos and aortic arches
Posterior Junction Line
Left superior intercostal vein seen on 5% of individuals
Aortic nipple (<5mm)
Posterior wall of the bronchus intermedius
Intermediate stem line
Vessels that traverses the diaphragmatic hiatus
Aorta, thoracic duct, azygos and hemiazygos veins
The esophageal hiatus transmits the
Esophagus and vagus nerve
Diaphragm
Central tendon
Inferior vena cava T8
Esophagus T10
Descending aorta T12
Start-end of trachea
Cricoid(C6-C7) to bifurcation (T4-T5)
The thoracic duct begins as a dilated sac called
Cisterna chyli
