Head Flashcards
Which bones form the pterion?
-Temporal
-Parietal
-Sphenoid
-frontal
What is the clinical significance of the pterion?
-Middle meningeal artery runs behind it
-Trauma can result in extradural haematoma
What are the layers of the scalp?
-Skin
-Connective tissue
-Aponeurosis
-Loose areolar tissue
-Periosteum
What age do the cranial sutures ossify by?
-18-24 months
What happens if cranial sutures are fused at birth?
-Craniosynostosis
-Can result in developmental abnormalities
By which age does the mastoid bone develop?
2 years
What are the diploic veins of the skull?
Veins that drain the diploic space of the skull to the dural venous sinuses
Tear to which vessel might cause subdural haematoma?
Cerebral vein and bridging veins
5,29,32
5,27,29,32
What type of joint is the TMJ? What are its articulating surfaces
Bicondylar, synovial hinge joint
Articulating surfaces:
-Head of mandible
-Mandibular fossa of temporal bone
-Artiular tubercle (of temporal bone)
A condyloid joint (also called condylar, ellipsoidal, or bicondylar) is an ovoid articular surface, or condyle that is received into an elliptical cavity. This permits movement in two planes, allowing flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction.
Mouth open
What movements does the mandible do, what muscles carry out each?
What muscles are involved in opening mouth?
DLGM
-Digastric
-Lateral pterygoid
-Geniohyoid
-Mylohyoid
Location and contents of foramen ovale
Location:
-Sphenoid bone
Contents
-Otic ganglion
-V3 branch trigeminal
-Accessory meningeal artery
-Lesser petrosal nerve
-Emissary veins
Location and contents of foramen spinosum
Location
-Sphenoid bone
Contents
-Middle meningeal branch of mandibular nerve
-Middle meningeal artery
Foramen rotundum location and contents
-V2
Location
-Sphenoid bone
Foramen lacerum
Location:
-Sphenoid bone
Contents:
-ICA (passes along superior surface but does not traverse it)
-Vidian nerve (nerve of pterygoid canal–> formed by union of deep petrosal and greater petrosal )
-Artery of the pterygoid canal
Vidian nerve innervates pterygopalatine ganglion: parasympathetic to nasal and lacrimal glands. Greater petrosal provides parasympathetic from facial nerve
Location and contents of optic canal
Location:
-sphenoid bone
Contents
-Optic nerve + 3 layers of dura –> meningeal infection is seen as papilloedema
-Opthalmic artery
-Sympathetic nerves
Superior orbital fissure location and contents
Location:
-Sphenoid bone
Contents
-Superior and inferior division oculomotor nerve
-Trochlear nerve
-All 3 branches V1 (NFL)
-Abducens nerve
-Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins