Foot and ankle (initially arches of the foot)

Question 1

What arches are there of the foot?

Answer 1

Medial longitudinal
Lateral longitudinal
Transverse

Question 2

What forms the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 2

Calcaneus, talus, navicular
3 cuneiform
3 medial metatarsal

Question 3

What is the function of the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 3

High arch concerned with the elastic propulsion of the foot during walking

Question 4

What are the factors maintaining the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 4

Ligaments
–> interosseous ligaments
–> plantar aponeurosis
–> long plantar ligament
–> Deltoid and spring ligaments (plantar calcaneonavicular ligament)

Muscles
–> Tibialis anterior and posterior
–> short muscles of the big toe
–> FHL

Question 5

What forms the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 5

Calcaneus
Cuboid
2 lateral metatarsal

Question 6

What is the function of the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 6

Low arch concerned mainly with body weight transmission

Question 7

What supports the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 7

Ligaments
–> interosseous ligaments
–> plantar aponeurosis
–> short planter ligament

Muscles
–> 3 peronei muscles
–> short muscles of little toe

Question 8

What are the components of the transverse arch?

Answer 8

-Cuboid, 3 cuneiform
-Bases of metatarsals

Question 9

What is the function of the transverse arch?

Answer 9

Elastic propulsion of foot and body weight transmission

Question 10

What are the factors maintaning the the transverse arch?

Answer 10

Ligaments
–> interosseous ligaments

Muscles
–> peroneus longus
–> Transverse head of adductor hallucis

Question 11

Identify ligaments on medial and lateral aspects of the ankle?

Answer 11

Deltoid
–> anterior tibiotalar (deep)
–> tibionavicular
–> tibiocalcaneal
–> posterior tibiotalar

LCL:
–>Anteiror talofibular
–> posterior talofibular
–> calcaneofibular

Question 12

Origin and insertion of deltoid