Arm and forearm

Question 1

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Question 2

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Question 3

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Question 4

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Question 5

4, 7, 11

Answer 5

Question 6

6,912,3

Answer 6

Question 7

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Question 7

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Question 8

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Question 9

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Question 10

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Question 11

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Question 12

Describe the articulations at the elbow

Answer 12

-Capitulum of humerus with radial head
-Trochlear of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna
-Olecranon of ulna with olecranon fossa of humerus

Question 13

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Question 14

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Question 15

What muscles flex the elbow joint?

Answer 15

-Biceps
-Brachialis
-Brachioradialis
-Pronator teres
-Flexor carpi radialis

Question 16

What structures run in spiral groove?

Answer 16

-Radial nerve
-Profunda brachii vessels

Question 17

What is the clinical picture of a radial nerve injury at the spiral groove?

Answer 17

-Denervation of wrist extensors–> wrist drop
-Denervation of finger extensors–> finger drop
-Loss of sensation in first web space

Question 18

What fracture is this?

Answer 18

Supracondylar fract

Question 19

What injuries would be associated with supracondylar fracture?

Answer 19

-Brachial artery injury (loss of distal pulsation)
-AIN injury (unable to flex IPJ of thumb, DIPJ index and middle)
-Ulnar nerve injury (claw hand)
-Radial nerve injury (wrist drop, finger drop)

Question 20

What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of coracobrachialis?

Answer 20

Origin: Coracoid process
Insertion: mid humerus, medial
Action: flexion, adduction
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

Question 21

Biceps brachii origin/insertion/action/innervation. What are the relations to the biceps tendon?

Answer 21

Origin
–> Coracoid process (short head)
–> supraglenoid tubercle (long head)

Insertion:
–> radial tuberosity

Action
–> flexion, supination

Innervation:
–> musculocutaneous nerve

Relations to biceps tendon:
–> Medial: median nerve and brachial artery
–> lateral: radial nerve

Question 22

Brachialis origin, insertion, action, innervation

Answer 22

O: Anterior humerus
I: Ulnar tuberosity (anterior)
Action: flexing forearm
Innervation: musculocutaneous

Question 23

Triceps origin, insertion, action, innervation. What lies between medial and lateral heads?

Answer 23

O:
–> infraglenoid (long head)
–>Posterior humerus (lateral head)
–> Posterior humerus (medial head)

I: olecranon

Action
-extension of elbow
-long head can adduct humerus and extend it from flexed position

Innervation:
-radial nerve

-Radial nerve and profunda brachii muscle lie between medial and lateral heads

Question 24

What is the origin/insertion/action and innervation of pronator teres

Answer 24

Origin: --> medial epicondyle humerus and coronoid process of ulna Insertion --> Mid-lateral radius Action --> pronation, flexing forearm Innervation: --> median nerve

Question 25

Origin/insertion/action/innervation of flexor carpi radialis

Answer 25

O: --> Medial epicondyle I: --> 2nd + 3rd MC bases Action --> flexes wrist Innervation: --> median nerve

Question 26

Palmaris longus

Answer 26

O:Medial epicondyle I: --> palmar aponeurosis Action: --> Flexing wrist Innervation: --> Median nerve

Question 27

Flexor carpi ulnaris:

Answer 27

O: --> medial epicondyle and posterior ulna I: --> pisiform, base of 5th metacarpal Action --> flexing wrist Innervation: --> ulnar nerve

Question 28

FDS origin, insertion, action, innervation

Answer 28

O: --> Medial epicondyle, proximal anterior ulnar, anterior radius I: --> Base of middle phalanges Action: --> Flexion PIPJ Innervation: --> Median nerve

Question 29

What is the common flexor origin?

Answer 29

-Medial epicondyle -Where superficial flexors of forearm originate (pronator teres, FCRL, Palmaris longus, FDS, FCU)

Question 30

What is the innervation of the superficial flexors of the forearm?

Answer 30

Median nerve except flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 31

What are the superficial flexors of forearm?

Answer 31

-Pronator teres -FCRL -Palmaris longus -FDS -Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 32

What are the deep flexors of the forearm?

Answer 32

-FDP, FPL, pronator quadratus

Question 33

What is the innervation of the deep flexor muscles of the forearm?

Answer 33

Median --> anterior interosseous nerve except ulnar half FDP

Question 34

What is the origin/insertion/action of FDP?

Answer 34

Origin: --> anterior and medial ulna Insertion --> base of distal phalanx Action: --> Flexing DIPJ Innervation; -radial half median -ulnar half ulnar

Question 35

What is the origin/insertion/action of FPL

Answer 35

O: -Anterior and lateral radius I: -Base of distal phalanges Action: --> flexing IPJ thumb

Question 36

What is the origin/insertion/action of pronator quadratus?

Answer 36

O: Distal ulna I: volar radius Action: pronating hand

Question 37

What are the superficial extensors of the forearm?

Answer 37

-Brachioradialis -ECRL -ECRB -Anconeus -Extensor digitorum -Extensor digiti minimi -Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 38

What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of brachioradialis?

Answer 38

O: lateral supracondylar humerus I: lateral distal radius Action: flexing forearm Innervation: radial nerve

Question 39

What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of ECRL?

Answer 39

O: lateral supracondylar humerus I: second metacarpal base Action: extending wrist Innervation: radial nerve

Question 40

What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of ECRB?

Answer 40

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus I: third metacarpal base Action: extending wrist Innervation: radial nerve

Question 41

What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of Anconeus?

Answer 41

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: third metacarpal base Action: extending wrist Innervation: radial nerve

Question 42

What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of Extensor digitorum?

Answer 42

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: extensor aponeurosis Action: extending digits Innervation: radial --> PIN

Question 43

What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of Extensor digiti minimi?

Answer 43

O: common extensor tendon I: small finger extensor expansion over P1 Action: extending small finger Innervation: Radial--> PIN

Question 44

What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 44

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: 5th metacarpal base Action: extending/adducting hand Innervation: radial --> PIN

Question 45

What are the deep extensors of the forearm?

Answer 45

Supinator Anductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis proprius

Question 46

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Question 47

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Question 48

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Question 49

What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of supinator?

Answer 49

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, ulna I: dorsolateral radius Action -Supinates forearm

Question 50

What is the innervation of the deep extensors of the forearm?

Answer 50

Posterior interosseous nerve

Question 51

What muscles does the posterior interosseous nerve innervate?

Answer 51

-Extensor digitorum -Extensor digiti minimi -Extensor carpi ulnaris -Deep extensors of forearm

Question 52

What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of Abductor pollicis longus?

Answer 52

O: dorsal ulna/radius I: first metacarpal base Action: abducting/extending thumb

Question 53

What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of Extensor pollicis brevis

Answer 53

O: dorsal radius I: thumb proximal phalanx base Action: extending thumb MCPJ

Question 54

Extensor pollicis longus

Answer 54

O: dorsolateral unla I: thumb dorsal phalanx base Action: extending thumb IPJ

Question 55

What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of extensor indicis proprius

Answer 55

O: dorsolateral ulna I: index finger extensor apparatus (ulnar aspect) Action: extending index finger

Question 56

What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

Answer 56

-Superolateral: brachioradialis muscle -Medially: pronator teres -Floor: brachialis

Question 57

What is the contents of the cubital fossa?

Answer 57

Lateral to medial: -radial nerve -Biceps tendon -Brachial artery -Median nerve

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