Arm and forearm Flashcards
4, 7, 11
6,912,3
Describe the articulations at the elbow
-Capitulum of humerus with radial head
-Trochlear of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna
-Olecranon of ulna with olecranon fossa of humerus
What muscles flex the elbow joint?
-Biceps
-Brachialis
-Brachioradialis
-Pronator teres
-Flexor carpi radialis
What structures run in spiral groove?
-Radial nerve
-Profunda brachii vessels
What is the clinical picture of a radial nerve injury at the spiral groove?
-Denervation of wrist extensors–> wrist drop
-Denervation of finger extensors–> finger drop
-Loss of sensation in first web space
What fracture is this?
Supracondylar fract
What injuries would be associated with supracondylar fracture?
-Brachial artery injury (loss of distal pulsation)
-AIN injury (unable to flex IPJ of thumb, DIPJ index and middle)
-Ulnar nerve injury (claw hand)
-Radial nerve injury (wrist drop, finger drop)
What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of coracobrachialis?
Origin: Coracoid process
Insertion: mid humerus, medial
Action: flexion, adduction
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Biceps brachii origin/insertion/action/innervation. What are the relations to the biceps tendon?
Origin
–> Coracoid process (short head)
–> supraglenoid tubercle (long head)
Insertion:
–> radial tuberosity
Action
–> flexion, supination
Innervation:
–> musculocutaneous nerve
Relations to biceps tendon:
–> Medial: median nerve and brachial artery
–> lateral: radial nerve
Brachialis origin, insertion, action, innervation
O: Anterior humerus
I: Ulnar tuberosity (anterior)
Action: flexing forearm
Innervation: musculocutaneous
Triceps origin, insertion, action, innervation. What lies between medial and lateral heads?
O:
–> infraglenoid (long head)
–>Posterior humerus (lateral head)
–> Posterior humerus (medial head)
I: olecranon
Action
-extension of elbow
-long head can adduct humerus and extend it from flexed position
Innervation:
-radial nerve
-Radial nerve and profunda brachii muscle lie between medial and lateral heads
What is the origin/insertion/action and innervation of pronator teres
Origin:
–> medial epicondyle humerus and coronoid process of ulna
Insertion
–> Mid-lateral radius
Action
–> pronation, flexing forearm
Innervation:
–> median nerve
Origin/insertion/action/innervation of flexor carpi radialis
O:
–> Medial epicondyle
I:
–> 2nd + 3rd MC bases
Action
–> flexes wrist
Innervation:
–> median nerve
Palmaris longus
O:Medial epicondyle
I:
–> palmar aponeurosis
Action:
–> Flexing wrist
Innervation:
–> Median nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris:
O:
–> medial epicondyle and posterior ulna
I:
–> pisiform, base of 5th metacarpal
Action
–> flexing wrist
Innervation:
–> ulnar nerve
FDS origin, insertion, action, innervation
O:
–> Medial epicondyle, proximal anterior ulnar, anterior radius
I:
–> Base of middle phalanges
Action:
–> Flexion PIPJ
Innervation:
–> Median nerve
What are the deep flexors of the forearm?
-FDP, FPL, pronator quadratus
What is the innervation of the deep flexor muscles of the forearm?
Median –> anterior interosseous nerve except ulnar half FDP
What is the origin/insertion/action of FDP?
Origin:
–> anterior and medial ulna
Insertion
–> base of distal phalanx
Action:
–> Flexing DIPJ
Innervation;
-radial half median
-ulnar half ulnar
What is the origin/insertion/action of FPL
O:
-Anterior and lateral radius
I:
-Base of distal phalanges
Action:
–> flexing IPJ thumb
What is the origin/insertion/action of pronator quadratus?
O: Distal ulna
I: volar radius
Action: pronating hand
What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of brachioradialis?
O: lateral supracondylar humerus
I: lateral distal radius
Action: flexing forearm
Innervation: radial nerve
What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of ECRL?
O: lateral supracondylar humerus
I: second metacarpal base
Action: extending wrist
Innervation: radial nerve
What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of ECRB?
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: third metacarpal base
Action: extending wrist
Innervation: radial nerve
What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of Anconeus?
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: third metacarpal base
Action: extending wrist
Innervation: radial nerve
What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of Extensor digitorum?
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: extensor aponeurosis
Action: extending digits
Innervation: radial –> PIN
What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of Extensor digiti minimi?
O: common extensor tendon
I: small finger extensor expansion over P1
Action: extending small finger
Innervation: Radial–> PIN
What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris?
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: 5th metacarpal base
Action: extending/adducting hand
Innervation: radial –> PIN
What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of supinator?
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, ulna
I: dorsolateral radius
Action
-Supinates forearm
What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of Abductor pollicis longus?
O: dorsal ulna/radius
I: first metacarpal base
Action: abducting/extending thumb
What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of Extensor pollicis brevis
O: dorsal radius
I: thumb proximal phalanx base
Action: extending thumb MCPJ
Extensor pollicis longus
O: dorsolateral unla
I: thumb dorsal phalanx base
Action: extending thumb IPJ
What is the origin/insertion/action/innervation of extensor indicis proprius
O: dorsolateral ulna
I: index finger extensor apparatus (ulnar aspect)
Action: extending index finger
