Head Flashcards
What are the three superficial muscles of the head and what are their actions?
Platysma- muscle of facial expression, nostrils, eyelids and ears
Zygomaticus- moves upper lip (snarl)
Parotidoaurulacris- one of the ear muscles
What is the name of the cheek muscle?
Buccinator
What are the different superficial veins of the head, what do they all drain into?
Facial- drains facial region Maxillary Lingual- under tongue Linguofacial- linguo and facial meet All drain into external jugular
What are the two lymph nodes found in the head?
Parotid- on top of masseter
Mandibular- under mandible
What are the 4 salivary glands found in dogs and cats?
Parotid
Mandibular
Sublingual
Zygomatic
Where does the parotid duct open?
Near upper molar 4
Which salivary glands ducts run together?
Mandibular and sublingual
Where doe the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands open?
The sublingual caruncles
Where does the zygomatic duct open?
Opens near the last upper molar
What are the branches of the facial nerve?
Main facial nerve trunk Caudal auricular Internal auricular Rostral auricular Palpebral Auriculopapebreal Dorsal buccal Ventral buccal Central branch
What are the 4 muscles of mastication and which open and close the jaw?
Temporalis- jaw closing
Masseter- jaw closing
Pterygoids- jaw closer
Diagastricus- jaw opener
What motor cranial nerve innervates all muscles of the lips, cheeks and tongues?
Hypoglossal
What nerve sensory innervates the rostral 2/3 of the tongue?
Lingual branch of V
What is the olfactory nerve for?
Sense of smell from olfactory bulb to nasal cavity
What is the ocular motor nerve for?
Moving the eye
What are the three parts of the trigeminal nerve?
Mandibular, maxillary, opthalmic
What do the mandibular, maxillary and ophthalmic innervate?
Mandibular- sensory to lower teeth, tongue, lower lip, motor to muscles of mastication
Maxillary- upper teeth, muzzle
Ophthalmic- sensation to eyelids, eyeballs, nasal mucosa, skin of the nose
What 4 things make up the adnexa of the eye?
Eyelids
Nicitating membrane
Lacrimal gland
Extraocular muscles
What innervates the muscles of the eyelids?
Facial nerve
What are the muscles associated with the eyelids and eyes and what do they do?
Orbicularis oculi (eye closing) Retractor angel oculi (squinting) Superciliaris (raise eyebrow) levator palpeerde superiosis
What is the function of the lacrimal gland and what innervates it?
Secretes serous and mucous fluid to moisten the eye
Innervates by facial nerve
Sweeps eyeball when it its retracted by the retractor bulbi
What is the nicitating membrane and how does it nourish the eye?
T shaped cartilage with lacrimal gland and lymphoid tissue associates
Sweeps across the cornea when the eyeball is retracted by the retractor bulbi
What are the extra ocular muscles of the eye?
Dorsal rectus Dorsal oblique Medial rectus Lateral rectus Ventral rectus Ventral oblique
What is the main artery that supplies blood to the head?
Common carotid artery
What are the muscles of the lips, cheek and tongue?
Sternohyoid
Styloglossus
Geniohyoid
Genioglossus
How is the mucosa of the tongue different and where does it change?
Mucosa is stratified squamous
Thinner on ventral surface
Dorsal surface is covered by papillae
Vallate papillae mark the divisions between the rostral 2/3 and caudal 1/3
What innervates the tongue sensory, motor and taste?
Motor- innervates by the hypoglossal nerve
Sensory- rostral 2/3 tongue trigeminal mandibular, caudal 1/3 glossopharyngeal and vagus
Taste- rostral 2/3- lingual, then facial, caudal 1/3 glossopharyngeal and vagus
What are the mussels of the pharynx invokes in, what are they all but one innervated by?
Involved in swallowing
Innervated by the vagus- except stylopharyngess
What are the rostral, middle and caudal constrictors of the pharynx and what dilates it?
Rostral- pteryopharyngeus
Middle- hypopharyngeus
Caudal- thyropharygenous and cricopharnygeus
Stylopharyngeus dilates- innvervarted by glossopharyngeal
What muscles shorter the pharynx?
Palatopharyngeus
Pterygopharyngeus
What are the 4 muscles of the soft palate, what do they do and what innervates them?
Palatinus- shortens the soft palate- vagus/accessory
Levator veli palatini- elevates- vagus/accessory
Tensor veli palatini- tenses- mandibular trigeminal
Palatopharyngeus- elevates- vagus/accessory
What are the 4 cartilages of the larynx and which is paired?
Thyroid- unpaired- articulates with cricoid
Epiglottis- unpaired- forms entrance
Arytenoid- paired- widen or narrow glottis
Cricoid- unpaired- signet ring
What bones make up the hyoid apparatus?
Small elephants kick balls together Stylohyoid Epihyoid Ketatohyoid Basihyoid Thyrohyoid Suspends the tongue and larynx
