Head

Question 1

What are the three superficial muscles of the head and what are their actions?

Answer 1

Platysma- muscle of facial expression, nostrils, eyelids and ears
Zygomaticus- moves upper lip (snarl)
Parotidoaurulacris- one of the ear muscles

Question 2

What is the name of the cheek muscle?

Answer 2

Buccinator

Question 3

What are the different superficial veins of the head, what do they all drain into?

Answer 3

Facial- drains facial region
Maxillary
Lingual- under tongue
Linguofacial- linguo and facial meet
All drain into external jugular

Question 4

What are the two lymph nodes found in the head?

Answer 4

Parotid- on top of masseter

Mandibular- under mandible

Question 5

What are the 4 salivary glands found in dogs and cats?

Answer 5

Parotid
Mandibular
Sublingual
Zygomatic

Question 6

Where does the parotid duct open?

Answer 6

Near upper molar 4

Question 7

Which salivary glands ducts run together?

Answer 7

Mandibular and sublingual

Question 8

Where doe the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands open?

Answer 8

The sublingual caruncles

Question 9

Where does the zygomatic duct open?

Answer 9

Opens near the last upper molar

Question 10

What are the branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 10

Main facial nerve trunk
Caudal auricular 
Internal auricular 
Rostral auricular 
Palpebral
Auriculopapebreal 
Dorsal buccal
Ventral buccal
Central branch

Question 11

What are the 4 muscles of mastication and which open and close the jaw?

Answer 11

Temporalis- jaw closing
Masseter- jaw closing
Pterygoids- jaw closer
Diagastricus- jaw opener

Question 12

What motor cranial nerve innervates all muscles of the lips, cheeks and tongues?

Answer 12

Hypoglossal

Question 13

What nerve sensory innervates the rostral 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 13

Lingual branch of V

Question 14

What is the olfactory nerve for?

Answer 14

Sense of smell from olfactory bulb to nasal cavity

Question 15

What is the ocular motor nerve for?

Answer 15

Moving the eye

Question 16

What are the three parts of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 16

Mandibular, maxillary, opthalmic

Question 17

What do the mandibular, maxillary and ophthalmic innervate?

Answer 17

Mandibular- sensory to lower teeth, tongue, lower lip, motor to muscles of mastication
Maxillary- upper teeth, muzzle
Ophthalmic- sensation to eyelids, eyeballs, nasal mucosa, skin of the nose

Question 18

What 4 things make up the adnexa of the eye?

Answer 18

Eyelids
Nicitating membrane
Lacrimal gland
Extraocular muscles

Question 19

What innervates the muscles of the eyelids?

Answer 19

Facial nerve

Question 20

What are the muscles associated with the eyelids and eyes and what do they do?

Answer 20

Orbicularis oculi (eye closing)
Retractor angel oculi (squinting)
Superciliaris (raise eyebrow)
levator palpeerde superiosis

Question 21

What is the function of the lacrimal gland and what innervates it?

Answer 21

Secretes serous and mucous fluid to moisten the eye
Innervates by facial nerve
Sweeps eyeball when it its retracted by the retractor bulbi

Question 22

What is the nicitating membrane and how does it nourish the eye?

Answer 22

T shaped cartilage with lacrimal gland and lymphoid tissue associates
Sweeps across the cornea when the eyeball is retracted by the retractor bulbi

Question 23

What are the extra ocular muscles of the eye?

Answer 23

Dorsal rectus
Dorsal oblique 
Medial rectus 
Lateral rectus
Ventral rectus
Ventral oblique

Question 24

What is the main artery that supplies blood to the head?

Answer 24

Common carotid artery

Question 25

What are the muscles of the lips, cheek and tongue?

Answer 25

Sternohyoid Styloglossus Geniohyoid Genioglossus

Question 26

How is the mucosa of the tongue different and where does it change?

Answer 26

Mucosa is stratified squamous Thinner on ventral surface Dorsal surface is covered by papillae Vallate papillae mark the divisions between the rostral 2/3 and caudal 1/3

Question 27

What innervates the tongue sensory, motor and taste?

Answer 27

Motor- innervates by the hypoglossal nerve Sensory- rostral 2/3 tongue trigeminal mandibular, caudal 1/3 glossopharyngeal and vagus Taste- rostral 2/3- lingual, then facial, caudal 1/3 glossopharyngeal and vagus

Question 28

What are the mussels of the pharynx invokes in, what are they all but one innervated by?

Answer 28

Involved in swallowing | Innervated by the vagus- except stylopharyngess

Question 29

What are the rostral, middle and caudal constrictors of the pharynx and what dilates it?

Answer 29

Rostral- pteryopharyngeus Middle- hypopharyngeus Caudal- thyropharygenous and cricopharnygeus Stylopharyngeus dilates- innvervarted by glossopharyngeal

Question 30

What muscles shorter the pharynx?

Answer 30

Palatopharyngeus | Pterygopharyngeus

Question 31

What are the 4 muscles of the soft palate, what do they do and what innervates them?

Answer 31

Palatinus- shortens the soft palate- vagus/accessory Levator veli palatini- elevates- vagus/accessory Tensor veli palatini- tenses- mandibular trigeminal Palatopharyngeus- elevates- vagus/accessory

Question 32

What are the 4 cartilages of the larynx and which is paired?

Answer 32

Thyroid- unpaired- articulates with cricoid Epiglottis- unpaired- forms entrance Arytenoid- paired- widen or narrow glottis Cricoid- unpaired- signet ring

Question 33

What bones make up the hyoid apparatus?

Answer 33

``` Small elephants kick balls together Stylohyoid Epihyoid Ketatohyoid Basihyoid Thyrohyoid Suspends the tongue and larynx ```