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Year 2 NSF > Head > Flashcards

Head Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three superficial muscles of the head and what are their actions?

A

Platysma- muscle of facial expression, nostrils, eyelids and ears
Zygomaticus- moves upper lip (snarl)
Parotidoaurulacris- one of the ear muscles

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2
Q

What is the name of the cheek muscle?

A

Buccinator

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3
Q

What are the different superficial veins of the head, what do they all drain into?

A 
Facial- drains facial region
Maxillary
Lingual- under tongue
Linguofacial- linguo and facial meet
All drain into external jugular
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4
Q

What are the two lymph nodes found in the head?

A

Parotid- on top of masseter

Mandibular- under mandible

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5
Q

What are the 4 salivary glands found in dogs and cats?

A

Parotid
Mandibular
Sublingual
Zygomatic

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6
Q

Where does the parotid duct open?

A

Near upper molar 4

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7
Q

Which salivary glands ducts run together?

A

Mandibular and sublingual

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8
Q

Where doe the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands open?

A

The sublingual caruncles

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9
Q

Where does the zygomatic duct open?

A

Opens near the last upper molar

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10
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve?

A 
Main facial nerve trunk
Caudal auricular 
Internal auricular 
Rostral auricular 
Palpebral
Auriculopapebreal 
Dorsal buccal
Ventral buccal
Central branch
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11
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication and which open and close the jaw?

A

Temporalis- jaw closing
Masseter- jaw closing
Pterygoids- jaw closer
Diagastricus- jaw opener

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12
Q

What motor cranial nerve innervates all muscles of the lips, cheeks and tongues?

A

Hypoglossal

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13
Q

What nerve sensory innervates the rostral 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Lingual branch of V

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14
Q

What is the olfactory nerve for?

A

Sense of smell from olfactory bulb to nasal cavity

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15
Q

What is the ocular motor nerve for?

A

Moving the eye

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16
Q

What are the three parts of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Mandibular, maxillary, opthalmic

17
Q

What do the mandibular, maxillary and ophthalmic innervate?

A

Mandibular- sensory to lower teeth, tongue, lower lip, motor to muscles of mastication
Maxillary- upper teeth, muzzle
Ophthalmic- sensation to eyelids, eyeballs, nasal mucosa, skin of the nose

18
Q

What 4 things make up the adnexa of the eye?

A

Eyelids
Nicitating membrane
Lacrimal gland
Extraocular muscles

19
Q

What innervates the muscles of the eyelids?

A

Facial nerve

20
Q

What are the muscles associated with the eyelids and eyes and what do they do?

A 
Orbicularis oculi (eye closing)
Retractor angel oculi (squinting)
Superciliaris (raise eyebrow)
levator palpeerde superiosis
21
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal gland and what innervates it?

A

Secretes serous and mucous fluid to moisten the eye
Innervates by facial nerve
Sweeps eyeball when it its retracted by the retractor bulbi

22
Q

What is the nicitating membrane and how does it nourish the eye?

A

T shaped cartilage with lacrimal gland and lymphoid tissue associates
Sweeps across the cornea when the eyeball is retracted by the retractor bulbi

23
Q

What are the extra ocular muscles of the eye?

A 
Dorsal rectus
Dorsal oblique 
Medial rectus 
Lateral rectus
Ventral rectus
Ventral oblique
24
Q

What is the main artery that supplies blood to the head?

A

Common carotid artery

25
Q

What are the muscles of the lips, cheek and tongue?

A

Sternohyoid
Styloglossus
Geniohyoid
Genioglossus

26
Q

How is the mucosa of the tongue different and where does it change?

A

Mucosa is stratified squamous
Thinner on ventral surface
Dorsal surface is covered by papillae
Vallate papillae mark the divisions between the rostral 2/3 and caudal 1/3

27
Q

What innervates the tongue sensory, motor and taste?

A

Motor- innervates by the hypoglossal nerve
Sensory- rostral 2/3 tongue trigeminal mandibular, caudal 1/3 glossopharyngeal and vagus
Taste- rostral 2/3- lingual, then facial, caudal 1/3 glossopharyngeal and vagus

28
Q

What are the mussels of the pharynx invokes in, what are they all but one innervated by?

A

Involved in swallowing

Innervated by the vagus- except stylopharyngess

29
Q

What are the rostral, middle and caudal constrictors of the pharynx and what dilates it?

A

Rostral- pteryopharyngeus
Middle- hypopharyngeus
Caudal- thyropharygenous and cricopharnygeus
Stylopharyngeus dilates- innvervarted by glossopharyngeal

30
Q

What muscles shorter the pharynx?

A

Palatopharyngeus

Pterygopharyngeus

31
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the soft palate, what do they do and what innervates them?

A

Palatinus- shortens the soft palate- vagus/accessory
Levator veli palatini- elevates- vagus/accessory
Tensor veli palatini- tenses- mandibular trigeminal
Palatopharyngeus- elevates- vagus/accessory

32
Q

What are the 4 cartilages of the larynx and which is paired?

A

Thyroid- unpaired- articulates with cricoid
Epiglottis- unpaired- forms entrance
Arytenoid- paired- widen or narrow glottis
Cricoid- unpaired- signet ring

33
Q

What bones make up the hyoid apparatus?

A 
Small elephants kick balls together
Stylohyoid
Epihyoid
Ketatohyoid
Basihyoid 
Thyrohyoid 
Suspends the tongue and larynx

Year 2 NSF (16 decks)

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