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HBM > HBM 08b: Sleep > Flashcards

HBM 08b: Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

In active mental concentration, EEG, will show predominantly (X) waves.

A

X = beta

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2
Q

In awake, relaxed/drowsy person, EEG, will show predominantly (X) waves.

A

X = alpha

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3
Q

Fast-wave EEG characterizes which sleep state?

A

REM

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4
Q

Non-REM sleep makes up (X)% of sleep time. It has waves of (high/low) frequency and (high/low) amplitude.

A

X =75

Low; high

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5
Q

Stage 1 sleep lasts (X)% of sleep time and characterized by (Y) wave(s).

A 
X = 5 (very short)
Y = theta
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6
Q

Stage 2 sleep lasts (X)% of sleep time and characterized by (Y) wave(s).

A 
X = 45
Y = spindle-shaped (sleep spindles) and K-complexes
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7
Q

Stages 3 and 4 are collectively called (X) sleep and lasts (Y)% of sleep time and characterized by (Z) wave(s).

A 
X = delta/slow-wave
Y = 25
Z = slow
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8
Q

Bruxism is (X) and usually occurs in (Y) sleep stage.

A 
X = tooth grinding
Y = Stage 2
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9
Q

Sleepwalking usually occurs in (X) sleep stage.

A

X = delta

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10
Q

Enuresis usually occurs in (X) sleep stage.

A

X = delta

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11
Q

Night terrors usually occurs in (X) sleep stage.

A

X = delta

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12
Q

Sawtooth waves in EEG indicate:

A

REM sleep

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13
Q

Dreaming occurs in which part of sleep time?

A

REM

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14
Q

REM takes up (X)% of sleep time.

A

X = 25

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15
Q

Average time until first REM, aka (X), is how long?

A

X = REM latency

90 minutes

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16
Q

Shortened REM latency can be seen in which disorders?

A
  1. MDD

2. Narcolepsy

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17
Q

Patients normally experience REM in periods of (X) minutes, occurring every (Y) minutes.

A 
X = 10-40
Y = 90
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18
Q

Sympathetic activity is (activated/suppressed) in REM.

A

Suppressed

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19
Q

Penile/clitoral erection occur in which part of sleep?

A

REM

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20
Q

T/F: all skeletal muscles are completely paralyzed during REM sleep.

A

False - all skeletal muscles except those controlling respiration, eye movement, and middle ear ossicles

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21
Q

How does sleep latency change with age?

A

Prolonged

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22
Q

Total sleep time is (increased/decreased/unchanged) with aging.

A

Decreased

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23
Q

(Decrease/increase/unchanged) number of nighttime wakings in depression.

A

Increased

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24
Q

List the parasomnias.

A
  1. Bruxism
  2. Nightmare disorder
  3. Sleep terror
  4. Sleepwalking
  5. REM sleep behavior disorder
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25
Q

(X) agents can be beneficial for insomnia due to sedating side effects. Why should they be avoided in (Y) patients?

A 
X = antihistamine (ex: diphenhydramine/benadryl)
Y = elderly

Can provoke delirium

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26
Q

A 70-year old patient comes into clinic, requesting medication to relieve insomnia. What’s the best med to prescribe and why?

A

Trazodone (Desyrel), a sedating antidepressant; prescribing antihistamines in elderly can cause delirium

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27
Q

(X) meds can be useful for treating delta sleep disorders, such as (Y). Why?

A 
X = benzodiazepines
Y = night terrors and bedwetting

Reduce likelihood of delta sleep

28
Q

Initial management of insomnia is:

A

caffeine avoidance and good sleep hygiene

29
Q

Central sleep apnea can be described as:

A

Open airway, but little to no respiratory efforts

30
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea can be described as:

A

Airway obstruction preventing air from reaching lungs, despite respiratory efforts

31
Q

Central sleep apnea commonly found in:

A

Elderly

32
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea commonly found in:

A

Male and obese patients (40-60 y.o.)

33
Q

Daytime sleepiness resulting from airway obstruction is called (X) syndrome.

A

X = Pickwickian

34
Q

CPAP stands for (X) and is used to treat (Y).

A 
X = Continuous positive airway pressure (device)
Y = obstructive sleep apnea
35
Q

T/F: Antidepressants are used to treat sleep apnea.

A

True - act as respiratory stimulants

36
Q

Cataplexy is (X) and seen in which disorder?

A

X = sudden physical collapse, due to loss of all muscle tone after strong emotional stimulus

Narcolepsy

37
Q

Treatment for narcolepsy

A

Stimulant agents (ex: ritalin); timed daytime naps can also help

38
Q

Sleep is regulated by which systems?

A
  1. Sleep drive

2. Body clock (circadian rhythm)

39
Q

Sleep drive is a result of (X) build-up.

A

X = adenosine

40
Q

Circadian rhythm is controlled by:

A

SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus)

41
Q

SCN is located in which part of brain?

A

Hypothalamus

42
Q

SCN responds to (X) signals by controlling (Y).

A 
X = Light/dark signals
Y = release of melatonin (hormone)
43
Q

List some dyssomnias.

A
  1. Insomnia
  2. Breathing-related disorders
  3. Narcolepsy
  4. Hypersomnias
  5. Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
44
Q

Insomnia is seen in (X)% of population.

A

X = 30 (common)

45
Q

Insomnia affects (males/females) more often.

A

Females (twice as often)

46
Q

Patients with narcolepsy go right into which sleep stage during a sleep attack?

A

REM

47
Q

T/F: Narcolepsy is a fairly common sleep disorder.

A

False - rare (0.03-0.16% of population)

48
Q

Narcolepsy often seen in (males/females) and has an onset at which age range?

A

Seen in M/F equally; onset during adolescence

49
Q

Hypnagogic hallucinations are associated features of:

A

Narcolepsy

50
Q

Circadian rhythm disorders present with (insomnia/excessive sleepiness).

A

Either or

51
Q

(Light/darkness) stimulates (X) hormone release from (Y).

A

Darkness;
X = melatonin
Y = SCN

52
Q

Jet lag is a type of (X) disorder.

A

X = circadian rhythm

53
Q

Combined treatments are useful for which dyssomnias?

A

Insomnia only (short-term med and psychotherapy)

54
Q

Parasomnias occur during (REM/non-REM) sleep.

A

Could occur during either

55
Q

Nightmare disorder occurs during which sleep stage?

A

REM

56
Q

T/F: Nightmare disorder interfere with daily life functioning.

A

True

57
Q

Nightmare disorder is more common in (children/adults/elderly).

A

Children

58
Q

Treatment for nightmare disorder may involve:

A

Antidepressants and/or relaxation training

59
Q

Piercing scream during sleep is often indicative of which disorder?

A

Night terror disorder

60
Q

Night terror disorder is more common in (children/adults/elderly).

A

Children

61
Q

In (night terror/nightmare) disorder, child can’t be easily awakened.

A

Night terror

62
Q

In (X) disorder, a dyssomnia, patient has little memory of event the next day.

A

X = night terror

63
Q

Usually, the best treatment(s) for sleep terror disorder involve:

A

Waiting (they go away on their own) and/or relaxation techniques

64
Q

In severe sleep terror disorders, (X) used for treatment.

A

X = antidepressants or benzodiazepines

65
Q

T/F: It’s both dangerous and difficult to wake a sleepwalker.

A

False - difficult, but not dangerous

HBM (15 decks)

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