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HBM > HBM 04a: Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

HBM 04a: Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

List the major subdivisions of the frontal lobe:

A
  1. Motor strip
  2. Supplemental motor area
  3. Broca’s
  4. Prefrontal cortex
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2
Q

Our (X) cortex defines us, as individuals/human beings).

A

X = prefrontal cortex

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3
Q

(X) is involved in control over biological drives.

A

X = orbitofrontal cortex

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4
Q

(X) is involved in reward circuit (activated in drug addicts).

A

X = orbitofrontal cortex

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5
Q

(X) is involved in planning future action.

A

X = dorsolateral convexity

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6
Q

Medial cortex of frontal lobes is primarily involved in:

A

control of movement

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7
Q

Decrease in left prefrontal region results in:

A

Depression

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8
Q

Decrease in right prefrontal region results in:

A

Increased mood

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9
Q

Activation of left prefrontal region results in:

A

Positive mood

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10
Q

Activation of right prefrontal region results in:

A

Stress

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11
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia occurs with lesion in which area(s)?

A

Left-sided lesion in temporal lobe

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12
Q

Temporal lobes function in:

A
  1. Memory
  2. Learning
  3. Emotion
  4. Auditory processing
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13
Q

Limbic lobes play key role in: (one-word answer)

A

Emotion

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14
Q

Which specific structure is involved in coordination of anger/aggression?

A

Amygdala

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15
Q

Kluver Bucy syndrome results from damage to (X). What are symptoms?

A

X = amygdala

  1. Decrease aggression, fear, ability to recognize anger in others
  2. Increased sexuality
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16
Q

If (X) is damaged, it can lead to poor new learning ability.

A

X = hippocampus

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17
Q

Volume of (X) structures, such as (Y), are reduced in patients with schizophrenia.

A 
X = limbic structures
Y = hippocampus and amygdala
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18
Q

List structures included in Papez circuit.

A
  1. mammillary bodies to
  2. anterior thalamic nucleus to
  3. cingulate gyrus to
  4. hippocampus via
  5. fornix back to
  6. hypothalamus
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19
Q

(X) lobes are responsible for sensation/body image.

A

X = parietal

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20
Q

Gerstmann’s syndrome results from (X) lesion. What are symptoms?

A

X = left parietal lobe

Finger agnosia, alexia, agraphia, acalculia, right/left confusion

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21
Q

The path for vision goes through (frontal/temporal/parietal) lobes.

A

Temporal and a bit of parietal

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22
Q

(X) structure is very important for connecting motor and sensory functions.

A

X = basal ganglia

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23
Q

The basal ganglia receives info from (X) and projects it to (Y) via (Z).

A 
X = cerebral cortex
Y = frontal lobe
Z = thalamus
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24
Q

Translation of a desire to move into actual movements requires which key structure(s)?

A

Basal ganglia

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25
Q

Which structures make up the basal ganglia?

A
  1. Striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen)
  2. Pallidum (globus pallidus)
  3. Substantia Nigra
  4. Subthalamic nucleus
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26
Q

Which syndrome/symptoms can be produced by overactivity of striatum?

A

Parkinson’s symptoms

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27
Q

Which syndrome/symptoms can be produced by damage to substantial nigra?

A

Parkinson’s symptoms

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28
Q

Which syndrome/symptoms can be produced by under activity of striatum?

A

Huntington’s disease

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29
Q

Which syndrome/symptoms can be produced by shrinkage of caudate nucleus?

A

Huntington’s disease

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30
Q

Which syndrome/symptoms can be produced by damage to caudate nucleus?

A

Tourette’s syndrome

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31
Q

Which syndrome/symptoms can be produced by damage to subthalamic nucleus?

A

Hemiballismus

32
Q

Unilateral flailing movements can be attributed to which disorder?

A

Hemiballismus

33
Q

Puzzle-solving attributed to (right/left) hemisphere.

34
Q

Body image attributed to (right/left) hemisphere.

35
Q

Language attributed to (right/left) hemisphere.

36
Q

Face recognition attributed to (right/left) hemisphere.

37
Q

Reading/writing attributed to (right/left) hemisphere.

38
Q

(Right/left) hemisphere dominates in most people.

39
Q

Explicit/declarative memory mainly attributed to which structure(s)?

A

Temporal lobes

40
Q

Implicit/non-declarative memory mainly attributed to which structure(s)?

A

Basal ganglia and cerebellum

41
Q

I can comprehend, but can’t speak or repeat. Which aphasia?

42
Q

I can speak, but can’t comprehend or repeat. Which aphasia?

A

Wernicke’s

43
Q

I can comprehend and speak, but can’t repeat. Which aphasia?

A

Conduction

44
Q

I can can’t comprehend, speak, or repeat. Which aphasia?

45
Q

I can comprehend and repeat, but I can’t speak. Which aphasia?

A

Transcortical motor

46
Q

I can repeat, but can’t speak or comprehend. Which aphasia?

A

Transcortical sensory

47
Q

Which NT are (increased/decreased) in depression?

A

Decrease in NE, DA, and serotonin

48
Q

Which NT are (increased/decreased) in mania?

A

Increase DA; decrease GABA

49
Q

Which NT are (increased/decreased) in psychosis?

A

Increase DA and serotonin

50
Q

Which NT are (increased/decreased) in anxiety?

A

Decrease GABA and serotonin; increase NE

51
Q

Which NT are (increased/decreased) in dementia?

A

Decrease ACh; increase Glu

52
Q

Depression NT change localized to which brain area?

A

Left prefrontal

53
Q

Mania NT change localized to which brain area?

A

Right prefrontal

54
Q

Psychosis NT change localized to which brain area?

A

Bilateral prefrontal

55
Q

Anxiety NT change localized to which brain area?

A

Locus ceruleus

56
Q

Dementia NT change localized to which brain area?

A

Hippocampus

57
Q

Neuropsychotic meds aim to (increase/decrease) which NT?

A

Decrease DA

58
Q

Serotonin is a member of which NT family?

A

Indolamines

59
Q

What are the classifications of monoamine NT?

A
  1. Indolamines
  2. Catecholamines
  3. Ethylamine
60
Q

Which drugs work to balance serotonin levels?

A

Antidepressants

61
Q

Serotonin is primarily located in which brain area(s)?

A

Dorsal raphe nucleus (upper pons/lower midbrain)

62
Q

Which NT plays role in sensitivity and sexuality?

63
Q

Which NT plays role in anxiety/arousal?

64
Q

Which NT plays role in impulse control?

65
Q

Which NT plays role in learning?

66
Q

Which NT plays role in sleep?

67
Q

NE is primarily located in which brain area(s)?

A

Locus ceruleus (nucleus in pons)

68
Q

Give examples of AA NT:

A

GABA, glycine, glutamate

69
Q

Drugs that block acetylcholinesterase are used for:

A

Alzheimer’s treatment

70
Q

Which NT impacts alertness/sedation?

71
Q

Which NT important for connection between nerves and muscles?

72
Q

(X) NT receptor blockade causes weight gain

A

X = histamine

73
Q

The primary inhibitory NT.

74
Q

Which drugs affect GABA binding? What are they used to treat?

A

Treat anxiety (and seizures); Benzodiazepines and barbiturates increase GABA binding

75
Q

The primary excitatory NT.

76
Q

Memantine used to treat (X) disease. What’s the MOA?

A

X = AD

Inhibits Ca influx by decreasing Glu influx

77
Q

Increased body fluid concentrations of HVA (homovanillic acid), a major metabolite of (X), is associated with which disorder?

A

X = DA

Untreated schizo

HBM (15 decks)

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