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HBM > HBM 04a: Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

HBM 04a: Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

List the major subdivisions of the frontal lobe:

A
  1. Motor strip
  2. Supplemental motor area
  3. Broca’s
  4. Prefrontal cortex
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2
Q

Our (X) cortex defines us, as individuals/human beings).

A

X = prefrontal cortex

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3
Q

(X) is involved in control over biological drives.

A

X = orbitofrontal cortex

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4
Q

(X) is involved in reward circuit (activated in drug addicts).

A

X = orbitofrontal cortex

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5
Q

(X) is involved in planning future action.

A

X = dorsolateral convexity

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6
Q

Medial cortex of frontal lobes is primarily involved in:

A

control of movement

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7
Q

Decrease in left prefrontal region results in:

A

Depression

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8
Q

Decrease in right prefrontal region results in:

A

Increased mood

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9
Q

Activation of left prefrontal region results in:

A

Positive mood

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10
Q

Activation of right prefrontal region results in:

A

Stress

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11
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia occurs with lesion in which area(s)?

A

Left-sided lesion in temporal lobe

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12
Q

Temporal lobes function in:

A
  1. Memory
  2. Learning
  3. Emotion
  4. Auditory processing
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13
Q

Limbic lobes play key role in: (one-word answer)

A

Emotion

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14
Q

Which specific structure is involved in coordination of anger/aggression?

A

Amygdala

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15
Q

Kluver Bucy syndrome results from damage to (X). What are symptoms?

A

X = amygdala

  1. Decrease aggression, fear, ability to recognize anger in others
  2. Increased sexuality
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16
Q

If (X) is damaged, it can lead to poor new learning ability.

A

X = hippocampus

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17
Q

Volume of (X) structures, such as (Y), are reduced in patients with schizophrenia.

A 
X = limbic structures
Y = hippocampus and amygdala
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18
Q

List structures included in Papez circuit.

A
  1. mammillary bodies to
  2. anterior thalamic nucleus to
  3. cingulate gyrus to
  4. hippocampus via
  5. fornix back to
  6. hypothalamus
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19
Q

(X) lobes are responsible for sensation/body image.

A

X = parietal

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20
Q

Gerstmann’s syndrome results from (X) lesion. What are symptoms?

A

X = left parietal lobe

Finger agnosia, alexia, agraphia, acalculia, right/left confusion

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21
Q

The path for vision goes through (frontal/temporal/parietal) lobes.

A

Temporal and a bit of parietal

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22
Q

(X) structure is very important for connecting motor and sensory functions.

A

X = basal ganglia

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23
Q

The basal ganglia receives info from (X) and projects it to (Y) via (Z).

A 
X = cerebral cortex
Y = frontal lobe
Z = thalamus
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24
Q

Translation of a desire to move into actual movements requires which key structure(s)?

A

Basal ganglia

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25
Which structures make up the basal ganglia?
1. Striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) 2. Pallidum (globus pallidus) 3. Substantia Nigra 4. Subthalamic nucleus
26
Which syndrome/symptoms can be produced by overactivity of striatum?
Parkinson's symptoms
27
Which syndrome/symptoms can be produced by damage to substantial nigra?
Parkinson's symptoms
28
Which syndrome/symptoms can be produced by under activity of striatum?
Huntington's disease
29
Which syndrome/symptoms can be produced by shrinkage of caudate nucleus?
Huntington's disease
30
Which syndrome/symptoms can be produced by damage to caudate nucleus?
Tourette's syndrome
31
Which syndrome/symptoms can be produced by damage to subthalamic nucleus?
Hemiballismus
32
Unilateral flailing movements can be attributed to which disorder?
Hemiballismus
33
Puzzle-solving attributed to (right/left) hemisphere.
Right
34
Body image attributed to (right/left) hemisphere.
Right
35
Language attributed to (right/left) hemisphere.
Left
36
Face recognition attributed to (right/left) hemisphere.
Right
37
Reading/writing attributed to (right/left) hemisphere.
Left
38
(Right/left) hemisphere dominates in most people.
Left
39
Explicit/declarative memory mainly attributed to which structure(s)?
Temporal lobes
40
Implicit/non-declarative memory mainly attributed to which structure(s)?
Basal ganglia and cerebellum
41
I can comprehend, but can't speak or repeat. Which aphasia?
Broca's
42
I can speak, but can't comprehend or repeat. Which aphasia?
Wernicke's
43
I can comprehend and speak, but can't repeat. Which aphasia?
Conduction
44
I can can't comprehend, speak, or repeat. Which aphasia?
Global
45
I can comprehend and repeat, but I can't speak. Which aphasia?
Transcortical motor
46
I can repeat, but can't speak or comprehend. Which aphasia?
Transcortical sensory
47
Which NT are (increased/decreased) in depression?
Decrease in NE, DA, and serotonin
48
Which NT are (increased/decreased) in mania?
Increase DA; decrease GABA
49
Which NT are (increased/decreased) in psychosis?
Increase DA and serotonin
50
Which NT are (increased/decreased) in anxiety?
Decrease GABA and serotonin; increase NE
51
Which NT are (increased/decreased) in dementia?
Decrease ACh; increase Glu
52
Depression NT change localized to which brain area?
Left prefrontal
53
Mania NT change localized to which brain area?
Right prefrontal
54
Psychosis NT change localized to which brain area?
Bilateral prefrontal
55
Anxiety NT change localized to which brain area?
Locus ceruleus
56
Dementia NT change localized to which brain area?
Hippocampus
57
Neuropsychotic meds aim to (increase/decrease) which NT?
Decrease DA
58
Serotonin is a member of which NT family?
Indolamines
59
What are the classifications of monoamine NT?
1. Indolamines 2. Catecholamines 3. Ethylamine
60
Which drugs work to balance serotonin levels?
Antidepressants
61
Serotonin is primarily located in which brain area(s)?
Dorsal raphe nucleus (upper pons/lower midbrain)
62
Which NT plays role in sensitivity and sexuality?
Serotonin
63
Which NT plays role in anxiety/arousal?
NE
64
Which NT plays role in impulse control?
Serotonin
65
Which NT plays role in learning?
NE
66
Which NT plays role in sleep?
Serotonin
67
NE is primarily located in which brain area(s)?
Locus ceruleus (nucleus in pons)
68
Give examples of AA NT:
GABA, glycine, glutamate
69
Drugs that block acetylcholinesterase are used for:
Alzheimer's treatment
70
Which NT impacts alertness/sedation?
Histamine
71
Which NT important for connection between nerves and muscles?
ACh
72
(X) NT receptor blockade causes weight gain
X = histamine
73
The primary inhibitory NT.
GABA
74
Which drugs affect GABA binding? What are they used to treat?
Treat anxiety (and seizures); Benzodiazepines and barbiturates increase GABA binding
75
The primary excitatory NT.
Glu
76
Memantine used to treat (X) disease. What's the MOA?
X = AD Inhibits Ca influx by decreasing Glu influx
77
Increased body fluid concentrations of HVA (homovanillic acid), a major metabolite of (X), is associated with which disorder?
X = DA Untreated schizo

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