HBM 08a: MDD Flashcards
Diagnosing MDD: At least (X) of (Y) listed symptoms of major depressive episode must be present for how long?
X = 5 Y = 9
For at least 2-week period
Which symptom(s) must be present for MDD diagnosis.
Either:
1. Subjective/objective report of depressed mood
Or
2. Marked decline in interest/pleasure in most activities
Typical depression results in weight (loss/gain) by (X)% over what period of time?
Loss;
X = 5
In a month
Typical depression symptom is (over/under)-sleeping.
Under-sleeping (insomnia); in atypical depression, patient over sleeps
Psychomotor (agitation/retardation) is symptom of depression.
Could be either
T/F: concentration and memory problems could be symptom of depression.
True
Aside from showing symptoms, what are the 3 other criteria for diagnosing MDD?
- Distress or impairment in social/occupational fxn
- Not caused by substance/med condition
- No history of manic/psychotic episode
T/F: depressed patients typically feel more depressed in evening.
False - in morning
SWAG mnemonic, to identify (X).
X = depression
Suicidality
Weight loss
Anhedonia (loss of pleasure in activities)
Guilt
What’s masked depression?
Depression presenting as physical symptom (ex: headache with unidentifiable cause)
Biological factors of depression.
- Heredity
- Altered NT activity
- Abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary axis
Which genders/age groups have highest risk for MDD?
- Females
2. Young people (unless elderly are chronically ill/widowed)
Lost some Pharmacologic agents used to treat MDD.
- Heterocyclic antidepressants
- SSRIs
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Most commonly used and effective treatment for MDD.
Pharmacologic agents
paired with psych treatment, like cognitive therapy
List some prescription drugs that can cause depressive symptoms.
- Anti hypertensives
- Antineoplastic agents
- Steroids
T/F: steroids can cause elevated mood symptoms.
True - as well as depressive symptoms in some cases
Stimulants, such as (X), are drugs likely to (depress/elevate) mood.
X = cocaine and amphetamines
Elevate (manic symptoms)
T/F: withdrawal from stimulants causes manic episodes.
False - causes depression of mood
Withdrawal of opioids commonly results in:
Depression of mood
Withdrawal of sedatives commonly results in:
Depression of mood
Diagnosis of bereavement is given for (X) period of time.
X = 2 months
Why would (poor/wealthy) bipolar patients be more misdiagnosed as (X)?
Poor;
X = schizophrenic
Delay in seeking/access to treatment; become ill enough to show psychotic symptoms (like delusions)
Average onset age of MDD.
40
There’s greater risk of death from (X) in MDD.
X = all causes
Prevalence of depression is (decreasing/constant/increasing) in US.
Increasing
(X)% of people with MDD eventually commit suicide.
X = 15
Mood disorders account for (X)% of suicides.
X = 50-70
Suicide is more common in (young/elderly) and in (men/women).
Elderly; men
If patient mentions suicide, you should:
Follow up with open-ended question to get more info
T/F: euthanasia is illegal in all states.
False - legal in Oregon, Washington, Montana
Potentially as many as (X)% of depressed patients are unaware/deny symptoms.
X = 50
Masked depression
In cancer patients, what’s the best indicator of depression?
Concentration and excessive guilt (many other symptoms overlap with cancer)
Which depression meds should be avoided in cardiac patients? Why?
Tricyclics; have more anticholinergic side effect; tachycardia/conduction disturbances
(X) is one of only (Y) number of medications found useful in decreasing suicide rate/impulsivity.
X = lithium Y = two
Cycle of despair includes:
Substance abuse to depression to violence and back to substance abuse
