Haydn - Symphony 104 - Movement IV (Practice Questions) Flashcards
What is the form of Movement IV?
Sonata Form, meaning that this Symphony uses Sonata Form in both outer movements (I and IV)
What is the tempo indication for this movement?
Spiritoso (with spirit)
What is the key that the movement begins in?
D Major (same as movement I)
What is the unique feature of this movement, in terms of inspiration?
The use of folk music features, such as the drone and the stamping rhythms.
What is the role of the horns, cellos and basses in bar 1?
They are sustaining the tonic pitch to emulate the sound of a “drone” in folk music
What is the structure of the First Subject melody?
8-bar Phrase (4 bar [Imp. Cad.] - 4-bar [Perf. Cad.])
What is different about the First Subject melody in bar 11 (oboe)?
An octave higher
What Fig. is presented in Bars 6 and 10?
Fig. X (‘Stamping’ theme)
Identify the compositional technique in the Violin II countermelody in Bars 11-12?
Sequence (Rising)
What Figure (Fig.) is introduced in Bar 13 in Violin II?
Fig. Y
What section starts in Bar 19?
Transition Section
What is found in most of the orchestra in Bar 19?
Fig. X (‘Stamping’ rhythm)
What is happening in the Horns, Timp. and lower Strings in Bar 19?
Tonic Pedal
What is the interval in the Flute in Bar 22?
A Tenth
What is significant about the Timpani part in bars 23-24?
It is tuned to support the tonic and dominant harmony by playing the tonic and dominant pitches (A and D)
What is happening in bars 31 and 32 between the Oboe and Flute?
Imitation (7th higher)
What is the Violin I doubling in bars 31-32?
Oboe
What compositional device is used in the Oboe in bars 31-32?
Sequence (Descending)
Describe the change in tonality in bar 35?
Tonicization of E Minor
Use of D#
Describe the cadences over bars 35-37
(b. 35.3): V6/5 (B7) - (b.36.1) I (Em) [Perfect]
(b. 36.3): V6/5 (E7) - (b.37.1) I (A) [Perfect]
Describe the harmony from bars 41-45
Mostly supertonic (ii) and dominant (V) chords used.
In Bar 44, there is a new theme (Figure) introduced. What is it?
Figure. Z (1 Crotchet, 2 Quavers pattern)
In Bar 44, there is a tonicization. What? and how do we know?
E Major
G# Oboe, D# Violin I) (F#/C#/G#/D#: E Major
What pedal is found in bar 46?
Dominant Pedal of A Major (The key we’re about to move to)
What is the chord in Bar 47. beat 3 as it relates to the key of A Major (incoming key)
F Major chord (bVI)
Identify the cadence between bars 53-54
Perfect Cadence (E7 - A Major) (V - I )
What section begins from bar 54?
Second Subject of the Exposition
What is unique about the roles of the Violins I and II, starting from bar 55?
They’ve reversed; Violin I plays the counter theme and the Violin II plays the main melody
Bar 63 is a direct repeat of what bar?
Bar 61
What happens to the orchestral texture in bars 64-65?
It reduces, as does the dynamic
What Fig is reintroduced in bar 65?
Fig. Y (quaver counter theme) however, it’s been melodically developed
Describe the music of bars 65-72
Fig. Y (quaver counter theme) becomes the primary theme and is developed amongst the instruments (starting upper strings, then to bsn. and cello)
Identify 2 prominent features of the music starting from bar 77.
- Increase in dynamic (f)
2. Constant quaver pulse dominates the strings and bassoon.
Identify the cadence (b.80.4 - 81.1.)
E7 - A
V - I (A major)
Perfect Cadence
Identify the cadence between b. 83.1 - 84.1
E Major - F# Major
(V- VI)
Type of interrupted cadence.
Describe the orchestral texture from bar 84
Bassoon and strings only
Reduced from previous section
Bar 84 marks the start of what section?
Second Subject (Part B)
What happens to the key in bar 86?
Move to B minor (Use of the F# chord as the V of B minor)
Although there are a lot of chords between bar 91.3 - 95, the entire progression outlines a familiar chord pattern. What is it?
Circle of Fifths
- 3 - A Major
- 1 - D Major
- 3 - B major
- 1 - E Major.
What begins in bar 102?
Codetta
What 2 instruments hold the melody in bar 104?
Flute and Violin I
Describe the function of the 2nd Bassoon, Brass, Timp. and lower strings in bar 102
Tonic Pedal
What can you observe (and hear) about the main melody starting from bar 102?
It is the same melody as Subject 1 but in rhythmic diminution.
What returns in Bar 108?
Stamping theme (Fig. X)
Describe the string writing in bar 109
The Violins and Viola is in unison. The Celli and Basses are an octave lower
Describe the overall texture of strings in bars 118-120
Monophonic
Function of the horns in bar 120?
Smooth the transition into the repeat
Bar 118 marks the start of what section?
Development Section
Describe the melodic material introduced bar 119?
It combines the first 2 bars of Subject 1 with the material from bars 3 and 4
Describe the orchestral texture at the start of the development section
Initially string-based (118- 122), then full orchestra (122 onwards)
Describe the primary idea of bars 125-128
There is a 3-note staccato pattern that is a part of a descending sequence. In the Oboes, this has been dovetail across each Oboe.
There is a Tonicization in bar 128. What is it? How do you know?
E minor
D# in Oboe and Viola
What returns in bar 129?
Fig. Y in Violin I
Identify the chord in bar 129
D# Diminished 7th
D# - F# - A - C
What is happening with Fig. Y in bar 133?
Ascending in the bassoon
Descending in the Violin I
Identify the cadence from bars 137-139
F#7 to B minor
V7 - i (Perfect)
What keeps the momentum going in bar 139?
Constant quaver rhythms in the upper strings
What rhythmic device is found in bar 149 in the Viola?
Syncopation
Identify the chord in bar 149?
A# - C# - E - G
A# Diminished 7th
How does Haydn keep the momentum going from bar 149?
He moves the constant quaver pulse into the Violin II part, in the form of thirds.
What is the function of the Violin I from bar 150?
The crotchet patterns outline the triads of the chords in the harmony (triadic)
Starting from bar 151, there is a tonicization. What? and how do we know?
E minor
D# in Flutes, Oboes and Violins
In Bar 156, there is a modulation to a new key. What key?
F# Major (the dominant of B minor)
Considering the recent move to F# Major, what is the chord (and it’s roman numeral) in Bar 158.3?
G Major
bII
Unusual textural element of bar 166?
A bar of silence. This is typical within this Symphony from Haydn
In bar 166, there is another modulation. What is it and how did Haydn achieve this?
Move to G# Major. Haydn uses the bar of silence and then lifts the pedal parts up by a tone
Bar 168 introduces a new tonicization. What is it and how do you know?
C# minor
Use of B# (Bassoon + Strings)
Identify the chords in bars 169-171-173. What is important about them?
C#m - F# Major- Bm
Circle of Fifths Progression
Identify the important feature of the texture starting from bar 171
Imitation is used throughout this section
Describe the overall shape of the bassline beginning in bar 179
Descending towards a C# pedal in bar 185
What tonality do we move through from bars 185-190? How do you know
F# Minor
Use of G# (key signature) and E# (leading tone)
What is the chord in bar 192? and how does Haydn use this to return to D Major
C# Major (dominant of F#m)
He moves from C# Major - D Major as an interrupted cadence (V-VI)
This allows him to used the D pedal in bar 193 to return to D Major.
What section starts in Bar 195?
The Recapitulation
How does the Recapitulation version of Subject 1 differ from the Exposition?
The first 8 bars are omitted and it is more fully orchestrated.
How is the transition section different in the Recapitulation from the Exposition?
It’s shorter: lowered from 35 bars to 18.
How has the transition section been changed to cater for the Second Subject in the tonic key?
There is a dominant pedal that starts from bar 215.
Describe the Violin parts in bars 217-218 in comparison to bars 219-220
The roles have reversed. They’ve swapped
What section begins in bar 221?
Second Subject 2a
What material is the Second Subject in the Recapitulation based upon?
Bars 55-62, but it’s been reorchestrated in the horns, bassoons and lower strings
Bar 228 sees the return of what Figure?
Figure X (Stamping theme) moves towards the tonicization of A Major (Dominant of Home Key)
Identify the cadence between bars 245-46
D Major (Second Inversion) - A Major
I6/4 to V
Imperfect
What is harmonically interesting about bar 247-251?
Rather than return to the Tonic key for the Second Subject, Haydn uses an Interrupted Cadence (V-VI) to move to B Major, he then tonicizes E minor briefly, using the D# in the Flutes and then returns to D Major in bar 251.
What begins in bar 265?
Coda
What is unusual about the Coda section in terms of length?
It is 70 bars long! This was incredibly unusual for the time.
What material does Haydn begin the Coda with?
The material of the Codetta, bar 102
Explain the harmony of bar 265?
It is a Secondary Dominant chord. In this instance it is the Dominant chord of the Dominant chord.
A7 is the dominant of D Major. E7 is the dominant of the A7.
The E7 will resolve to A7 which will later resolve to D
Describe the orchestral texture at bar 276
Woodwind trio that uses imitation
There is a tonicization in bar 280. What is it, and how do we know?
G Major
Cancellation of C# to C natural.
What is the surprise, in terms of tonality, at bar 287?
Move to D MINOR instead of D Major.
Describe the string parts in bar 290-293
Descending arch-shape scalic runs
In bars 307-308, how does Haydn use the Fig. X theme?
To punctuate the return of the Tonic key (D Major)
In bar 309, there is a return to the Tonic Key. Identify 2 key features of the music in this passage that differs from previous returns to D Major.
- There is a full orchestral section, now in ff dynamic
2. Supported by Horns, Bassoons and lower Strings
What are the Flute and Violin hinting at in bar 311?
Subject 1 theme again.
What new rhythm is introduced in bar 330
Triplet as an anacrusis to bar 331
What Figure ends the movement?
Fig. X stamping theme ending with a Perfect Cadence (V7 - I)
How has the transition section been changed to cater for the Second Subject in the tonic key?
There is a dominant pedal that starts from bar 215.
