Haydn - Symphony 104 - Movement III (Practice Questions) Flashcards
What is a “Minuet”?
The minuet or menuet is a type of French dance, made popular during the Baroque Period. If used in a symphony it is almost always the third movement. It is usually in 3/4 time or some variation of triple time.
What is a “minuet and trio”?
Refers to a musical form found in Classical symphonies. It would usually entail a “minuet dance” followed by a trio as the middle section. The minuet and trio would usually take one of two forms: ternary form (ABA) or rounded binary (ABA’)
What is the structure of Symphony No. 104’s Minuet?
Minuet (A+B+A’: Each section repeated) Trio (A+B+A’: Each section repeated) Minuet (A+B+A’: No repeats)
Each section has rounded binary form. Given that the final section has no repeats, you could argue that the entire movement is also one big rounded binary form.
What is the tonality of the opening to the movement?
D Major (F# - C#)
What is the structural texture of the opening Minuet?
Homophonic (Melody and Accompaniment: Melody Dominated Homophony)
What is the structure of the opening theme?
8-bar phrases (4 + 4)
Describe the anacrusis of the main theme
The anacrusis (upbeat into the bar) is ascending as part of a triad.
Describe the technique, found in most instruments in bar 7. This technique is favoured by Haydn at cadences.
Trill
Identify the cadence between bars 7 and 8.
A Major (V) - D Major (I) Perfect Cadence
There is another perfect cadence between bars 15 to 16. How has this differed from the cadence between bars 7-8?
There is different vertical placement of the parts; flute and oboe are an octave higher
Describe the quality of the chord in bar 17, beat 3. What has caused this alteration of the chord?
A#-C#-E - A# diminished chord
Caused because the lower auxiliary (A) to the B note (which is the intended destination), has been raised to make it 1 semitone closer.
Bar 17 marks the start of what?
Section B
How long is Section B?
10 bars long; unusual for some in this time period, but not Haydn.
What is the change of tonality in bar 20? Using what means?
B Minor Perfect Cadence (F# Major - B Minor)
The “2 Quaver, 1 Crotchet” pattern in bar 20 (beat 3) creates what kind of effect with the constant crotchets above?
Hemiola (not perfectly, but certain hemiola-esque)
In Bar 23, what chord is prolonged to support the semiquaver passages?
E Major
Dominant of the incoming key of A Major
Name 2 important changes to the music in Bar 26, beat 3.
- Notable reduction in orchestral texture
2. Reduction in dynamics (p)
Name the chord: Bar 28, beat 3.
Neapolitan Chord
In bars 30-34, there is a diminished “flavour” to the music due to a tritone (diminished 5th). Identify the tritone.
E- Bb
In Bar 35, there is a decoration of the main theme. How has it been decorated?
It is a quaver variation
Explain the function of the brass, timpani, and low strings in 35
Tonic Pedal (D)
Explain bars 43-44 in the context of bars 41-42.
They are a repeat, except the tonal centre changes from D Major to G Major.
Explain what is unusual about bars 44-46
Haydn finishes his cadence of G Major, waits a beat and composes a crotchet dyad B-D to signal something new, but then interrupts this with 2 bars of silence.
Explain the harmony from bars 49-52
Dominant - Tonic Cadential Prolongation.
V - I repeated.
Describe the texture of bars 33-34
Monophonic (Oboe and Violin in unison)
Identify the cadence bar 59.3 - 60.1
F Major - Bb Major (V-I)
Perfect Cadence
Identify the cadence bars 61.3 - 62.1
D7 in first inversion (V6/5) to G Minor (i)
Perfect Cadence
Identify the cadence bar 63.3 - 64.1
C Major - F Major (V - I)
Perfect Cadence
The use of F to Ab in bars 64-65 has the feel of what tonality?
F Minor
Describe the use of the “Fig.” material in bar 65
Fig X (Ob.) is intertwined with a developed version of Fig. Y (Bsn./Vln.1)
The use of B naturals in bar 65 signals the move to what tonality?
C Minor
Describe the flute part from bar 66
Descant version of Fig. X
There is a tonicization in bar 69. What is it? How do you know?
Tonicization of G minor. Through use of F# (raised leading tone) and E natural (raised 6th in Melodic Minor)
In bar 71.3 to 72.1 there is a brief tonicization before the return to C minor. What is it? How do you know?
G Major.
Use of F# and the raising of Bb to B
Explain the groupings in Violin II and Viola in bars 73-74
They are grouped every three notes. This gives the feeling of 6/8 as opposed to 3/4
Identify the rhythmic technique that starts bar 75.3.
Hemiola-like.
Violin II and Bass (Crotchets) vs Bassoon and Violin I (Quavers)
Identify the cadence in bars 77.3 to 78.1. Explain the significance.
C7 (II6/5) to F Major (V)
Imperfect Cadence
F Major is the Dominant of the home key of Bb Major
Explain the orchestral texture from Bar 79
Reduced texture with 3rd in the Oboe, Bassoon and Violin I.
The strings return in bar 81 with pizzicato (plucked)
Describe the flute melody in bars 84-87
Chromatic
Explain what is happening with Fig. Y in Oboe/Violin I in bar 84.
It is being treated sequentially (rising)
What happens, in terms of tonality, in bar 88.3?
Quickly shifts to G minor because of A#
What material is being used in bar 90 from Oboe and Violins (both)?
Fig. X with a gentle scoring.
Explain the bassline in bar 91
Chromatically ascending (Eb - E - F)
Bar 95 marks the start of what section?
The Link section back to the Minuet
What material does Haydn use for the start of the link?
The minor third material used at the start of the trio. Haydn would often organically grow his material to use for linking passages.
What happens in bar 65 in the Violin II that moves to the Oboe 2, Viola and Bassoons.
Bb pedal. Tonic pedal
Identify what is happening in the Oboe 1 and Violin I from bar 97
Chromatic melody
Oboe 1: F# - G - G# - A
Violin 1: F# - G - G# - A (integrating Fig. X into this)
Identify the chord in bar 99.1
German Augmented Sixth
Bb - D - F - G# [of D Major]
With the Ger. 6 chord in bar 99.3 moving to an A Major (V) chord in bar 100.1, there is a iv6 - V nature to this cadence. What is this type of cadence (iv6-V) known as?
Phrygian Cadence
Describe the chord progression of bars 101 - 104
Alternating dominant and diminished chords over an A pedal
