Haydn 104 Flashcards
Overview
Last of his 6 London and last symphony in total.
Form
4 movements
Mvt 1: Overview
Slow introduction, dotted rhythms and Neapolitan chords plus Allegro and monothematic movement.
Mvt 1: Expo
Tonic and dominant theme.
Mvt 1: Dev
Development focuses on fragment of main theme (repeated notes), remote keys (B major and C# minor), use of circle of 5ths, Neapolitan chords and diminished harmony.
Mvt 1: Recap
Circle of 5ths, changes to orchestration; woodwind trio, use of chromaticism to extend monothematic section, bars of silence, closing triadic theme similar from 2nd half of 1st subject section.
Mvt 2
G major, theme and variations and tripartite structure, Neapolitan chords, use of silence, diminished harmony, Sturm und Drang in middle section, Db major remote key, circle of 5ths, bar of silence, Gm woodwind trio of main phrase starts B section, triplets, dotted rhythms and sextuplets as melodic variants. Flute cadenza with woodwind accompaniment and sequential diminished harmony, clever use of pedals/inversions to reach remote keys such as Db major. Gentle horn fanfare to finish.
Mvt 3
Minuet (D major) and Trio (Bb major) with transition link section to return to D major. Link: chromaticism, augmented 6th chords and a phrygian cadence.
Mvt 4
Sonata form, drone, monothematic, short themes, Croatian folk song melody, clear period phrase structure. Circle of 5ths, Neapolitan chords, diminshed harmony, remote keys (F# major) and clever use of inversions/pedals to reach remote keys and back to recapitulation.
Mvt 5
Orchestra
Typical orchestra for the time but with inclusion of clarinet.
Harmony & Tonality
Diminished chords, Neapolitan chords and D major to Bb major in Mvt 3 resulting in link passage containing a Phrygian cadence.
Humour, drama, narrative & programme
Stormy section in Mvt. 2 in Gm.
Melody and theme
Mvts. 1 and 4: monothematic. 4 motifs in Mvt. 4. Mvt. 2 mainly based on the first 2 bars - this is used in the B section. Mvt. 3 triadic Minuet melody and more conjunct, legato Trio melody.
Texture
Unison start to Mvt. 1, pedals in Mvt. 4, sudden changes of texture, homorhythmic chords in Mvt. 4 and mainly mel. dom. hom.
Rhythm/Tempo/Metre
Mvt 1. opening; dotted. Mvt. 2, demisemiquavers and triplets.
Dance, folk & national
Mvt. 3 - hemiolas destabilise Minuet 3/4 metre
Mvt. 4 subject from Croatian folksong.
Patronage
During Esterhazy career.
Key info
Haydn 104 D major 1795
