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Flashcardlet > Harrison's Ch. 6 Test > Flashcards

Harrison's Ch. 6 Test Flashcards

0
Q

What was the midievil view or geocentric theory

A

Earth is the center of the universe and the planets revolve around it in perfect circles.

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1
Q

What Theory did Aristotle have?

A

Geocentric theory

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2
Q

What caused the Scientific Revolution?

A

People questioned the Geocentric theory

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3
Q

Before the scientific revolution where did people get their information

A

Looked to the Greeks, Romans, and the bible.

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4
Q

What theory did Copernicus have after 25 years of research?

A

Heliocentric theory

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5
Q

What is the heliocentric theory

A

Sun center of the universe and planets have an elliptical orbit

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6
Q

What book did Copernicus write

A

On the revolution of heavenly bodies

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7
Q

Who continued Copernicus’ work?

A

Brahe

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8
Q

How did Brahe continue Copernicus’ work?

A

By tracking heavenly bodies

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9
Q

Who was Brahes assistant and what did he do?

A

Kepler and he continued work on elliptical orbits

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10
Q

The scientific revolution was

A

Based in careful observation and questioning belief

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11
Q

What did Galileo do? (5)

A

Built telescope, learned surfaces are not smooth, wrote Starry Messenger, said sun had dark spots, Jupiter has 4 moons.

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12
Q

Explain the battle between the Catholic Church and Galileo

A 
Church warned 
Shut mouth
Dialogue of the two Cheif systems
Trial
Denounced discoveries
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13
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

Procedure for gathering and testing ideas

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14
Q

Which two people helped advance it?

A

Descartes and Bacon

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15
Q

Bacon -

A

Encouraged others to experiment with their own conclusions

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16
Q

Descartes -

A

Analytical Geometry

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17
Q

Newton -

A

Law of gravity (everything attracts)

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18
Q

Torricelli -

A

Mercury barometer

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19
Q

Janssen-

A

Microscope

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20
Q

Fahrenheit

A

Thermometer

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21
Q

Celsius

A

Thermometer

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22
Q

Leeuwenhoek

A

Saw bacteria & blood cells

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23
Q

Vesalius

A

Dissected body and provided detailed information about organs, bones, muscles

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24
Q

Jenner

A

Smallpox vaccine from cowpox

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25
Q

Boyle

A

Father of modern chemistry.

Atoms

Boyles Law- Temp, volume, pressure of gas effect each other.

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26
Q

What is the enlightenment

A

New period that stressed reason and thought and power of an individual to solve problems

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27
Q

What was then age of reason

A

The enlightenment

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28
Q

Hobbes believes that

A

Humans are selfish and wicked

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29
Q

Hobbes social contract

A

People had to hand over power to a strong leader

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30
Q

Locke believed that

A

People could learn from experience and improve

Gov power comes from the consent of the governed

Everyone free & equal

3 natural rights

31
Q

Locke’s three natural rights

A

Life, liberty and property

32
Q

Philosophes

A

Social critics that add reason

33
Q

Philosophes 5 beliefs

A

1) Reason - learn the truth through reasonable thinking
2) nature - nature is good, don’t fight nature
3) progress - we can improve
4) liberty - great thing
5) happiness

34
Q

Voltaire

A

Wrote over 70 books. Most satires. Exiled to England. Fought for freedom of speech

35
Q

Montesquieu

A

Separation of powers

36
Q

Rousseau

A

Believed in Individual freedom. Government is freely formed by the people.

Social contract between the people

37
Q

Beccaria

A
  • Promotes criminal justice.
  • Against torture.
  • Punishment should be based on crime.
  • Speedy trial.
  • No Capitol punishment
38
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

Fought for equal rights and education.

39
Q

What book did Mary Wollstonecraft write?

A

A vindication of the rights of women

40
Q

Legacy of the enlightenment

A

A) belief in progress - scientific knowledge grew
B) a more secular outlook - science explained mysteries, questioned religious beliefs
C) importance of individual - turns away from royalty to themselves

41
Q

Paris

A

Cultural and intellectual capital of Europe

42
Q

Diderot

A

Encyclopedia

43
Q

Encyclopedia

A

Collection of articles and essays.

Banned by catholic church and French gov

44
Q

What helped spread the enlightenment ideals across Europe

A

Newspapers, songs, pamphlets and the encyclopedia

45
Q

Baroque style

A

Grand, ornate, dramatic

46
Q

Neoclassical

A

Borrowed themes from classical Greece and Rome.

Music lighter and more elegant.

New form of literature - novels

47
Q

Richardson

A

First English novel

48
Q

What are Enlightened despots and what is so good about them

A

Embraced new ideas and made reforms based on enlightenment ideals.

This makes their country stronger and their rule more effective

49
Q

3 enlightened despots

A

Frederick the great

Joseph II

Catherine the Great

50
Q

Frederick the Great

A
  • Granted religious freedom
  • Reduced censorship
  • Improved education
  • Reformed justice system (no torture)
  • “Servant of state”
51
Q

Joseph II (Austria)

A
  • Legal reforms
  • Freedom of press and worship
  • Abolished serfdom
  • Peasants must be paid in cash
52
Q

Catherine the Great (Russua)

A 
RECOMMENDED 
•Religious tolerance
•Abolishing torture and Capitol punishment
None changed because of boyers
(Wanted access to the Black Sea)
53
Q

What happened to Poland and by who

A

Partitioned 3 times by Prussia Russia and Austria. Disappeared from map until the end of the world war

54
Q

George III

A

King if England

55
Q

Explain the three reasons the American colonies wanted to break away from England

A
  • Population over two million without slaves
  • Colonists see themselves less as Brits and more as New Yorkers or Virginians
  • losing tie with England
56
Q

Navigation act

A

American colonies had to sell most valuable products to Britain and pay Hugh taxes on imports from Netherlands and France

57
Q

What was a result of Britain fighting I’m the French and Indian war

A

They wanted the colonists to help pay.

58
Q

Stamp Act

A

Official stamp in wills, deeds, newspaper, printed materials.

Was first tax to be paid directly to British gov.

59
Q

What was the colonists reaction to the stamp act

A

They argued it violated their natural rights = Petition of rights - no taxation without representation

60
Q

Petition of rights

A

No taxation without representation

61
Q

Boston tea party

A

Protest in an import tax on tea

62
Q

First continental congress

A

Philadelphia - sent letter to the king

63
Q

What caused the American revolution?

A

British soldiers and American militiamen fired on eachother

64
Q

Second continental congress

A

Voted to raise army and give commend to George Washington

Declaration of Independence-Thomas Jefferson

65
Q

How do colonial leaders justify the revolution?

A

With the ideas of the enlightenment

66
Q

What were the four reasons America won the revolution?

A

1) more motivated
2) British generals were overconfident
3) time was on their side
4) had help from French

67
Q

Who surrendered in the American Revolution?

A

Cornwallis

68
Q

Articles of Confederation

A 
Weak national gov. 
No executive branch. 
One body. 
Each state had one vote.
 9/13 to pass law. 
Could not collect taxes or regulate trade.
69
Q

What was a result of the failing Articles of Confederation

A

Constitutional convention

70
Q

Constitutional convention

A

Meeting to revise Articles of confederation -55 delegates

71
Q

Federalists

A

Support new constitution

72
Q

Antifederalists

A

Against new constitution, wanted bill of rights

73
Q

What did the new constitution have/do

A

Checks and balances, federal system, put the ideas if the enlightenment into practice

74
Q

Federal system

A

Power is divided between national and state governments

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