Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Flashcardlet > Chapter 6: Enlightenment & Revolution > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Enlightenment & Revolution Flashcards

0
Q

What’s geocentric theory? And who made it?

A

That everything revolved around Earth and Aristotle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Chapter 6: Enlightenment and Revolution 1550-1789

-Sasha Tomic

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What started the Scientific Revolution?

A

People questioning the geocentric theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Scientific Revolution?

A

Based on careful observation and questioning accepted beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Copernicus

A
  • studied planetary movement
  • heliocentric theory
  • wrote On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s heliocentric theory?

A

Determines planets and stars revolved around sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Brahe

A

Continued Copernicus’ work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Kepler

A
  • Brahe’s assistant
  • genius mathematician
  • says we move in elliptical orbits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Galileo

A
  • built his own telescope
  • Starry Messenger
  • Jupiter has 4 moons, sun has dark spots, and moon surface was uneven
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Galileo Facts

A
  • Catholic church warns him to stop going against church teachings
  • wrote Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
  • Trial in Rome, signs confession saying Copernicus is wrong
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s Scientific Method?

A

Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bacon

A

Encouraged scientists to experiment and draw their own conclusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Descartes

A

-analytical geometry- important tool for research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Newton

A
  • wrote The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy

- gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Janssen

A

Invented first microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Leeuwenhoek

A

Bacteria and red blood cells, improves microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Torricelli

A

First mercury barometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fahrenheit

A

Thermometer, mercury and glass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Celsius

A

Thermometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vesalius

A
  • dissected human corpses
  • published book
  • detailed drawings of organs, bones, and muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Jenner

A

Smallpox vaccine from cowpox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Boyle

A

Founder of modern chemistry, determined matter was made up of smaller primary particles that joined together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

Volume, temperature, pressure of gas affect each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Enlightenment

A

“Age of Reason”

Intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hobbes

A
  • says humans are naturally selfish and wicked

- believes social contract is between leader and people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Locke

A
  • says people learn from themselves and everyone is born with 3 natural rights
  • Believed governments power came from the consent of the governed
26
Q

What did Locke say the 3 natural rights are?

A
  • LIFE
  • LIBERTY
  • PROPERTY
27
Q

Philosophes

A
  • social critics
  • apply reason to all aspects of life
  • french
28
Q

KNOW 5 CONCEPTS OF CORE BELIEF

A

It’s really long, so I didn’t write it, but look at page 196!

29
Q

Voltaire

A
  • Published 70 books
  • used satire
  • fought for freedom of speech
30
Q

Rousseau

A
  • individual freedoms
  • says only good government is one formed freely by people
  • believes social contract is between people only
31
Q

Beccaria

A

-justice system- speedy trial, never use torture, punishment based on crime, no capital punishment

32
Q

Wollstonecraft

A
  • women

- fought for education and equal rights

33
Q

Legacy of Enlightment

A
  • belief in progress, more secular outlook

- importance of individual

34
Q

Paris

A

Considered capital of Enlightenment

35
Q

Diderot

A

-ENCYCLOPEDIA- collection of articles and essays (1751)

36
Q

What helped spread Enlightenment?

A
  • Encyclopedia
  • newspaper
  • songs
  • pamphlets
37
Q

What were the 2 art styles?

A

Baroque and Neoclassical

38
Q

Baroque

A
  • Grand, ornate

- old art

39
Q

Neoclassical

A

“new classical”

  • simple and elegant
  • new art
40
Q

3 music composers?

A

Haydn
Mozart
Beethoven
lighter and more elegant

41
Q

New form of literature?

A

NOVEL

42
Q

Richardson

A
  • wrote first English novel

- gave characterization

43
Q

Enlightened despots

A

“absolute ruler”

  • embraced new ideas and reforms based on Enlightenment ideals
  • makes country stronger and rule more effective
44
Q

Three important enlightened despots?

A
  • Frederick the Great
  • Joseph II
  • Catherine the Great
45
Q

Frederick the Great

A
  • granted religious freedom
  • reduced censorship
  • reformed justice system
  • abolished torture
  • “servant of the state”
  • Prussia
46
Q

Joseph II

A
  • Austria
  • legal reforms
  • freedom of press and worship
  • abolished serfdom
  • peasants paid in cash
47
Q

Catherine the Great

A
  • recommended religious toleration
  • no capital punishment
  • wanted access to Black Sea
48
Q

Partition of Poland

A
  • disappeared from map of Europe

- Russia, Austria, and Prussia grabbed the territories (RAP)

49
Q

George III

A

King of England

50
Q

Navigation Act

A

-colonists had to sell most valuable products to Britain and pay high taxes on imports from France and Netherlands (This way they only bought from British)

51
Q

Stamp Act

A
  • official stamp on any printed material

- 1st tax directly paid to British government

52
Q

Petition of Rights

A

-colonist say Stamp Act violated their rights- no taxation without representation

53
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

-protest in import tax of tea

54
Q

First Continental Congress

A
  • in Philadelphia

- sent letters to protest king

55
Q

American Revolution

A

-British soldiers and American militia men fired at each other

56
Q

Second Continental Congress

A
  • voted to raise an army and gave command to George Washington
  • Declaration of Independence wrote by Thomas Jefferson
57
Q

4 reasons America wins Revolution?

A
  • motivation
  • British generals were over confident
  • time
  • had help
58
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

-weak nat’l gov’t, no executive or judicial branch, only one body, Congress, each state had one vote, no power to collect taxes or regulate trade, 9/13 vote needed

59
Q

Constitutional Convention

A
  • revised the AofC

- 55 delegates

60
Q

federal system

A

-power divided between national and state government

61
Q

Checks and balances

A

Branches crack each other to make sure one doesn’t have too much power

62
Q

Federalists

A

-support constitution

63
Q

Anti-Federalists

A
  • against new constitution

- want Bill of Rights

Flashcardlet (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions