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Flashcardlet > chapter 8 world history > Flashcards

chapter 8 world history Flashcards

0
Q

Creoles

A

Spaniards born in Latin America, officers in the army, 2

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1
Q

Peninsulares

A

Born in Spain, only ones who could hold high office, 1

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2
Q

Mestizos

A

Mixed European and indian, 3

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3
Q

Mulattos

A

Mixed Europeans and Africans, 4

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4
Q

Enslaved Indians

A

Bottom of social ladder

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5
Q

What did Saint Domingue become

A

Haiti

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6
Q

Who led the slave revolt in Haiti?

A

L’Ouverture

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7
Q

What did the French do to L’Ouverture

A

Send him to prison in the French alps

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8
Q

Who were the best educated in Latin America

A

Creoles

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9
Q

What ideas did Creoles use to call for revolution

A

Enlightenment

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10
Q

Fought for Venezuela’s independence

A

Bolivar

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11
Q

Was exiled twice

A

Bolivar

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12
Q

Fought to free Chile

A

San Martin

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13
Q

Fought with San Martin

A

O’higgins

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14
Q

Called peasants to revolt in Mexico

A

Hidalgo

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15
Q

Led Mexican peasant rebel forces

A

Morelos

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16
Q

Who defeated Mexican peasant rebels

A

Iturbide

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17
Q

What happened when Napoleon invaded Portugal

A

The royals fled to brazil

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18
Q

What made the king sign brazil independence

A

A petition from the brazilians

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19
Q

What was significant about the Brazilian revolution

A

It was a bloodless revolution

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20
Q

Conservatives

A

Wealthy property owners/nobles, wanted monarchy

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21
Q

Liberal

A

Middle class, elected parliaments, only educated and landowners vote

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22
Q

Radical

A

Democracy

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23
Q

Nationalism

A

Loyalty to common culture and history

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24
Q

Nation-states

A

Country with independent government

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25
Q

Nationstates examples in Europe:

A

France, great Britain. Spain

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26
Q

What did the ottomans control

A

Most of the Balkans

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27
Q

Why did Greek have so much support

A

Everyone respected Greek culture

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28
Q

Who defeated the ottomans

A

Britain, france, Russia

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29
Q

What was the battle that freed the Greece called

A

Battle of Navarino

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30
Q

1830’s uprisings. 1848 revolutions

A

Ethnic uprisings and revolutions in Europe, all failed

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31
Q

What king Charles’ X did to get kicked out

A

Tried to return france to an absolute monarchy

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32
Q

Who replaced King Charles X

A

Louis-Phillipe

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33
Q

Replaced Louis-Phillipe

A

A republic

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34
Q

What did france do after the republic fell

A

Create a moderate constitution

35
Q

Improvements Napoleon III made

A

Built railroads, industrialized, created public works, decreased unemployment and made life in France better

36
Q

Why did Czar Nicholas I lose the Crimean war

A

Industries and transportation systems failed to supply troops

37
Q

Who modernized Russia

A

Czar Alexander II

38
Q

Who freed Russia’s serfs

A

Czar Alexander II

39
Q

Agreement peasants made to get freedom

A

Half land to peasants, half to nobles, peasant communities had 49 years to pay government for the land

40
Q

How did Alexander II die

A

He was assainated

41
Q

Led Russia’s industrial revolution

A

Czar Alexander III

42
Q

Force of nationalism

A

Unity or disrupt empires

43
Q

Ruled both halves of the Austria-Hungary empire

A

Emperor Francis Joseph

44
Q

Russification

A

Forced Russian culture on all ethnic groups in Russia

45
Q

What was the ultimate affect of Russification

A

It destabilized Russia

46
Q

Why did the ottomans grant equal citizenship to everyone

A

Great Britain and france pressured them.

47
Q

Ruler of piedmont - Sardinia

A

King victor Emmanuel II

48
Q

Piedmont-Sardinia prime minister

A

Count Cavour

49
Q

How did Cavour get control of northern Italy

A

Allied with France and fought Austria

50
Q

Took control of southern Italy

A

Garibaldi and the red shirts

51
Q

Last victory for Piedmont-Sardinia

A

Papal states

52
Q

What did the pope keep control of

A

The Vatican City

53
Q

Austrian land that piedmont sardinia needed

A

Venetia

54
Q

Advantages Prussia had that made it possible for them to lead German unification

A

String nationalism, liberal constitution

55
Q

Leader of Prussia

A

King Wilhelm I

56
Q

Prime minister of Prussia

A

Bismarck

57
Q

Bismarcks political style

A

Realpolitik

58
Q

Realpolitiks

A

Politics of reality

59
Q

How did bismarck handle parliament

A

Declared he would rule without consent of parliament or legal budget

60
Q

Who did Prussia ally with to fight Denmark

A

Austria

61
Q

What providence did Prussia get after Denmark war

A

Schleswig

62
Q

Providence Austria got after Denmark war

A

Holstein

63
Q

Border war Prussia purposely started with Austria

A

Seven weeks war

64
Q

What happened to Austria after Seven Weeks War

A

Lost Venetia, embarrassed

65
Q

What Prussia gained after seven weeks war

A

Control of north Germany

66
Q

Bismarck was an expert at:

A

Manufacturing incidents

67
Q

Caused southern Germany to join Prussia

A

Prussia winning the Franco-Prussian war

68
Q

What title did King Wilhelm I give himself

A

Kaiser (emperor)

69
Q

What did Wilhelm call the new German confederation

A

The Second Reich

70
Q

Most powerful countries in Europe

A

Britain and Germany (militarily and economically)

71
Q

Ideas of romanticism

A

Glorified heroes/heroic actions

72
Q

Brothers Grimm

A

Created book of German fairy tales and a dictionary/grammar book

73
Q

Hugo

A

Wrote Les Misérables

74
Q

Mary Shelley

A

Wrote Frankenstein

75
Q

Characterstics of gothic novels

A

Medieval castles, supernatural events

76
Q

Famous composers

A

Liszt, Beethoven, chopin

77
Q

Wrote the Ninth Symphony

A

Beethoven

78
Q

Realism

A

Showed life as it was not as it should be

79
Q

Daguerreotypes

A

First photos

80
Q

Created light sensitive paper

A

Talbot

81
Q

Exposed misery of French workers

A

Zola

82
Q

Wrote A Tale of Two Cities

A

Dickens

83
Q

Where did realism movement start

A

Paris

84
Q

Impressionism

A

Show impression of a subject or a moment in time

85
Q

What did impressionist show

A

Positive view of society

86
Q

Impressionist leaders

A

Money, Degas, Renoir

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