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Flashcardlet > Chapter 5 -Absolute Monarchs > Flashcards

Chapter 5 -Absolute Monarchs Flashcards

0
Q

Ferdinand

A

Charles V’s Brother.

Inherited Austria and the Holy Roman Empire.

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1
Q

Charles V

A

Divided empire Between son and brother.

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2
Q

Phillip II

A

Charles V’s Son. Inherited Spain, Spanish colonies, and Spanish Netherlands.

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3
Q

Phillip II’s accomplishments

A 
Claimed Portugal
Fought ottomans
Fought and lost to England
Weakened Spain. 
Made money off sugar, brought in gold and silver. Tons of wealth.
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4
Q

Why was Portugal such a good country to claim

A

Sugar

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5
Q

Explain the fight of Phillip II against Elizabeth I

A

Brought entire Spanish Armada. Lost. Weakened Spain.

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6
Q

Two Artists of the Spanish Golden Age

A 
El Greco (The Greek)
Velazquez
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7
Q

El Greco

A

The Greek

Brilliant colors, distorted human figure

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8
Q

The Greek

A

El Greco

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9
Q

Cervantes

A

Wrote Don Quixote

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10
Q

Don Quixote

A

First modern European novel

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11
Q

Two separate views of the motive of Cervantes with Don Quixote

A

Makes fun of Middle Ages and how simple it was and how everyone fought OR Missed the time of chivalry and fighting for honor

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12
Q

Inflation

A

Value of money goes down, price goes up.

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13
Q

Tax structure of Spain

A

Screwed up. Only taxes the lower class.

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14
Q

Guilds in Spain

A

Group for each trade/skill
Control the entire trade/skill
Control the number of tradesman in a town.
Control quality of work and prices.

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15
Q

Process to work your way up in a guild…

A

Apprenticeship.
Journeyman.
Then you must create something of the same quality of a master’s work. (Masterpiece)

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16
Q

Three things holding Spain back

A

Inflation
Tax structure
Guilds

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17
Q

Guilds
Tax structure
Inflation

A

Three things holding Spain back

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18
Q

Spanish have the Spanish Netherlands which turn into the..

A

Spanish Netherlands and The United Provinces of the Netherlands

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19
Q

The United Provinces of the Netherlands was.. (Religion)

A

Protestant

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20
Q

Spanish Netherlands were.. (Religion)

A

Catholic

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21
Q

What was unique about The United Provinces of the Netherlands?

A

They were a republic and had no dukes etc. They had a middle class.

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22
Q

Rembrandt

A

Artist. Depicted a Wealthy Middle Class & Use of light to focus.

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23
Q

Vermeer

A

Artist. Depicted domestic indoor settings. Painted women.

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24
Q

Absolute Monarchs

A

Believed they had Divine Right

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25
Q

Divine Right

A

The belief that god created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as Gods representative on earth.

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26
Q

Henry IV

A

King of France
Bourbon Dynasty
Brings France to richest point

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27
Q

How does Henry IV die?

A

Assassinated

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28
Q

When Henry IV gets assassinated who takes over?

A

Loui XIII

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29
Q

Cardinal Richelieu

A

Takes over for Louis XIII.

Forbids walls in Protestant cities
Nobles must tear down their fortified castles

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30
Q

Skepticism

A

Nothing can be known for sure

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31
Q

Montaigne

A

Creates the essay to express thoughts and opinions

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32
Q

Descartes

A

Creates scientific method

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33
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

Declaration if religious toleration in France for the Huguenots

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34
Q

Huguenots

A

French Protestants

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35
Q

Who takes over when Louis XIII dies?

A

Louis XIV

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36
Q

Why can’t Louis XIV rule?

A

He’s not old enough

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37
Q

Because Louis XIV can’t rule, who takes his place?

A

Cardinal Mazarin

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38
Q

Cardinal Mazarin

A

Terrible ruler, stirred up anti-Mazarin riots.

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39
Q

Anti-Mazarin Riots

A

Riots protesting Mazarin

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40
Q

Outcome of the Anti-Mazarin Riots.

A

They failed.

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41
Q

Why the Anti-Mazarin Riots failed?

3

A

Nobles leading distrusted each other more than Mazarin

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42
Q

How old is Louis XIV when Mazarin Dies?

A

22

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43
Q

When Louis XIV took over at the age of 22, who did he choose to help him lead?

A

Jean Baptiste Colbert

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44
Q

Jean Baptiste Colbert

A

Minister of France (understood finance)

Led well.

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45
Q

Intendants

A

People to collect taxes and administer justice.

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46
Q

Who did intendants replace?

A

The nobles

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47
Q

When Colbert dies what happens?

A

Louis XIV takes back over

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48
Q

What are two things that happen under Louis XIV’s rule?

A

Cancels edict of Nantes.

Builds Versailles and makes nobles live there.

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49
Q

Was Louis XIV a good ruler?

A

No.

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50
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

Declaration of religious tolerance in France

Specifically for Huguenots aka French Protestants

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51
Q

William Of Orange

A

King of England, joined League of Augsburg

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52
Q

What caused the war of succession?

A

Charles II dies and promised throne to Louis XIV’s grandson, Phillip of Anjou. France now owned Spain and France, the two greatest powers in Europe and other countries didn’t like that.

53
Q

Who won the War of Spanish Succession

A

The League of Augsburg

54
Q

What was the verdict after the War of Spanish succession?

A

Phillip of Anjou could keep his throne in Spain as long as Spain and France were never united.

55
Q

Which two countries win land in the War of Spanish Succession?

A

Austria and Brittain

56
Q

What land does Britain claim after the War of Spanish Succession?

A

Gulbralter, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland

57
Q

What land does Austria claim after the War of Spanish Succession

A

The Spanish Netherlands and land in Italy

58
Q

What kind of legacy does Louis XIV have when he dies

A

A mixed Legacy

59
Q

What two groups do the German Princes create?

A

The Protestant Union and the Catholic League

60
Q

What caused the formation of the Catholic League

A

The formation of the Protestant Union

61
Q

Ferdinand

A

Bohemia.

Head of Hapsburg.

62
Q

Everyone had picked sides so now it was only a matter of time before..

A

A spark set off another war

63
Q

What caused the 30 Years War

A

Ferdinand, a foreigner and catholic, closed a few Protestant churches.

64
Q

Did Ferdinand II really hate Protestants or was he tolerant.

65
Q

Did Ferdinand II want to start a war

66
Q

What two phases can the Thirty Years War be divided into

A

The Hapsburg Triumphs and the Hapsburg Defeats.

67
Q

What caused the Hapsburg Defeats to occur

A

France Joined the Protestants.

68
Q

Why would France join the Protestants if it was catholic?

A

They wanted to be the biggest catholic country so they needed to crush their competitor

69
Q

What three things describe the reasons for the 30 years war.

A

Religion, Territory, Power

70
Q

What ends the 30 Years war?

A

Peace of Westphalia

71
Q

Peace of Westphalia

A 
•Ends 30 Years war
•Austria and Spain weakened
•Strengthened France
•German Princes Independent of HRE
•Last religious war
•New method of Peace negotiation
•
72
Q

New method of Peace Negotiation vs Old one

A

Old–Winners sit and decide treaty. Losers sign or more war.

New–Everyone sits. Winners/losers/neutral

73
Q

Maria Theresa

A

Leader of Hapsburg. Had Austria. Retook Bohemia. Retook Hungary
New nobility-centralized gov-standing army

74
Q

Frederick the Great

A

Prussia-Hotlenzollerns

Frederick William

Fought Maria Theresa for Austria in Silesia

75
Q

Prussia + Austria

(Maria Theresa + Frederick William)

A

War of Austrian Succession

76
Q

War of Austrian Succession

A

Maria Theresa Vs Frederick William.
MT asked Hungary & Brittan to help.
FWII

77
Q

Outcome of War of Austrian Succession

A

Frederick William II won land

Maria Theresa proves herself

78
Q

Explain the switch between allies for Austria and Prussia

A

Austria, Hungary, England–>
Austria, France, Russia

Prussia, France–>
Prussia, England

79
Q

What does the switch of allies of Austria and Prussia cause? (New friends =…)

A

New war. FWII attacked Saxony.

Seven Years War

80
Q

Outcome of the Seven Years war.

A

Nothing changes

81
Q

Ivan IV

A

Ivan-the terrible. Wife Anastasia. Good ruler at first, she dies–> bad period.

82
Q

What causes the bad period of Ivan IV’s rule?

A

Anastasia, his wife, dies

83
Q

What occurs during the bad period of Ivan IV’s rule?

A

Secret police, new nobles, killed oldest son.

84
Q

Junkers

A

Officers in the army (Prussia)

85
Q

Boyers

A

Nobles in Russia

86
Q

Csar

A

Ruler in Russia

87
Q

Who leads after Ivan IV

88
Q

How long does Romanov rule?

89
Q

Peter I

A

Peter the great. Of Russia. Looked to Europe. Changes perception.

90
Q

Grand Embassy

A

Journey Peter I went on through Europe

91
Q

Westernization

A

Using Europe as a model for Change to make russia stronger

92
Q

How did Peter I westernize Russia?

A
  • Brought church under state control
  • reduced power of land owners
  • hired Europeans to train army
  • into potatoes, newspapers, raised women’s status, western styles, education
  • St Petersburg on Baltic Sea to house nobles
93
Q

St Petersburg

A

On Baltic Sea. Build by Peter I of Russia to house nobles like Versailles.

94
Q

King James I

A

James Stuart

95
Q

James Stuart

A

King James I

96
Q

King James I’s two struggles were over…

A

Money with parliament and religion.

97
Q

Charles I

A

Son of James. Fights parliament. Money, dissolve, money, dissolve
parl refused until petition if right signed. After he agreed, ignored&dissolved.

98
Q

Petition of right

A
  • would not imprison without cause
  • would not levy taxes without parliament grant
  • would not house soldiers in homes
  • would not impose martial law in peacetime
99
Q

What happens after Charles I agrees, lies and dissolves Parliament?

A

Tried to make Anglican Prayer book. Made puritans mad and Presbyterians In Scotland.

England<>Scottland.
=English Civil War

100
Q

What does King Charles do when parliament refuses to help him calm things with Scottland.

A

Orders parliament to be arrested.

101
Q

What is the major problem with trying to have parliament arrested?

A

It didn’t happen. And weakened him as a leader

102
Q

Two teams in English Civil War

A

Cavaliers (army in north) vs Roundheads (puritans)

Oliver Cromwell for puritans won.
Beheaded Charles with a vote.

103
Q

Cromwell’s rule..

A

Abolished monarchy, House of Lords, created common wealth, republican government form, drafted constitution, put down rebellion in England.

104
Q

How did Cromwell show his Puritan morality?

A

By abolishing all sinful (fun) things for Christians.

105
Q

John lambert

A

First written draft of any European country

106
Q

Who rules when Cromwell dies?

A

Charles II

107
Q

What does Charles II do?

A

Restores the monarchy, passed Habeus corpus.

108
Q

Habeus Corpus

A

You have to be brought in front of a Judge so he may determine wether or not you need a trial.

109
Q

James II

A

Flaunted religion. Appointed Catholics. Son and a daughter named Mary

110
Q

James II’s daughter

A

Mary. Married to William of orange. Invited to overthrow James II.

111
Q

William of orange.

A

Married to Mary. Invited to overthrow James II

112
Q

What happened during William of orange and Mary’s reign

A

Glorious revolution

113
Q

What was the glorious revolution?

A

Constitutional monarchy

114
Q

What was so important about this constitutional monarchy?

A

It was the first one.

115
Q

What did the constitutional monarchy do?

A

Limit rulers powers.

116
Q

What was the constitutional monarchy called?

A

The glorious revolution

117
Q

What did the bill of rights do?

A

Limited rulers powers

118
Q

Which king created a bill of rights

A

William of Orange

119
Q

What did the bill of rights list?

A

•no suspending parliaments power
•
•
•

120
Q

What system did William and Mary develop?

A

A cabinet system

121
Q

What did cabinet system do?

A

Worked between parliament and monarch and Became the center of power and policy making

122
Q

Who was the head of the cabinet?

A

Prime minister

123
Q

Prime minister

A

Leader of the cabinet
Very important

Will eventually lead country

124
Q

Dutch revolt

A

Crushed Protestantism

125
Q

Bodin

A

Influential French writer. Denied absolute rule.

126
Q

Bartholomomeus day massacre

A

In Paris. Huguenots die at wedding of Henry of Navarre

127
Q

Henry IV

A

converted from Protestantism to catholic

128
Q

Louis XIV

A

Invaded Netherlands. They opened dikes and flooded

129
Q

Reconquista

A

Drives Muslims from Spain

130
Q

Serfs

A

Tied to land. Hereditary

131
Q

Hapsburg

A

Becomes absolute. Took Bohemia. Took Hungary. New nobility, centralized gov, standing army

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