Harmony Flashcards
This tone tends to be secondary but can have the effect of a primary tone.
Supertonic
Rhythm order of frequency?
1 Regular
2 Irregular
3 Uniform
4 Syncopation
When are parallel fourths acceptable?
Only in the upper three voices.
What are the ranges for the voices parts?
Soprano c1 a2
Alto g d2
Tenor c a1
Bass. F d1
True or False?
A major third to a minor third is parallel motion.
True
True or False?
Direct motion is generally preferred to Indirect motion.
False
The Neapolitan sixth chord functions as?
A subdominant
*3rd is Always doubled
What is the most frequently altered chord tone?
The fifth (chromatic alterations)
The raised fifth occurs on what chords?
The dominant, tonic and subdominant in major keys.
The lowered fifth occurs on what chords?
Dominant chords in both major and minor.
*it must progress to the tonic.
Neapolitan chords are usually found in what inversion?
First inversion
Neapolitan chords have what type of Harmonic function?
Subdominant function
What do you double in a Neapolitan chord?
ALWAYS the 3rd
Neapolitans usually progress to the dominant or tonic 6/4. What is the exception?
The Neapolitan chord in root position will progress to a root position tonic chord.
How does the root of the N6 chord move to the dominant?
It must move to the third of the dominant.
When the Neapolitan is in root position what chord will it progress to?
Root position Neapolitan will progress to root position tonic, and the 5th must ascend to the tonic (avoid fifths).
What are the three common approach chords for Aug6?
Supertonic
Subdominant
Submediant
Italian 6th
- what inversion
- what’s doubled
First inversion
Double the fifth
French 6th
-what inversion
Second inversion
1st form of German 6th
-what inversion
First inversion
2nd form of German 6th
-what inversion
Second inversion
Continuous use of borrowed chords may effect?
A modulation to the parallel key.
In what instance would the third of a dominant chord be allowed to resolve downward?
When a secondary dominant progresses to a diatonic seventh chord.
With most secondary dominants, which inversion of the chord should you stay away from?
Second inversion
Chords constructed on the raised tonic are also known as?
Secondary leading tone chords.
Each key has this many closely related keys?
Five
In modulation, what is original key, old key and new key?
Original = Beginning key
The music moves from the old key to the new key retaining the key signature of the original key.
What makes a good pivot chord for modulation?
A chord that is diatonic to both keys.
*it cannot be the dominant chord of the new key.
By what time should the new key be established after the pivot chord?
By the end of the same phrase with the pivot chord.
True or False!
Extensions appear primarily in the soprano voice.
True
9 chords omit what tone?
The 5th
11 chords omit what tones?
3 and 5.
13 chords omit what tones?
5, 9 and 11
Submediant Seventh chords are primarily used as an approach chord for what Chord Group?
Group 2
True or False?
Secondary triads reinforce tonality.
False
Secondary triads reinforce modality.
When a dominant chord progresses to the tonic, this occurs?
An established tonic chord
True or False?
Chords generally change from weak to strong rhythmic position unless they are of long duration.
True
When a chord is skipped from left to right?
Elision
When chords move right to left?
Retrogression
What is an intermediate cadence?
vii6 to I at a cadence
*it may appear at any cadence but the final.
What is V - vi or V# - VI?
Deceptive cadence
Which three non-Harmonic tones occur at the initial attack of a chord?
Suspensions
Appoggiaturas
Accented passing tones
The 7th of a dominant seventh chord is considered a _________.
Dissonance
What is the following progression?
iv6 - V#
Phrygian cadence
- uses subdominant to dominant voice leading in the soprano.
- a form of half cadence
- bass voice b2-1, soprano b7-1 both resemble the Phrygian scale
In melody writing, these intervals are forbidden.
- Augmented
- Compound
- Major 7ths
- Minor 7ths with conjunct motion in opposite direction
- Diminished intervals with conjunct motion in opposite direction
When one active tone is followed by another which is more than a third away, the first active tone is disregarded.
Harmony, melody writing
Another term for the end of a phrase?
Repose
Another term for cadence?
Caesura, cessation
Two parts to a phrase?
Antecedent and Consequent
An accidental in the bass voice is not normally indicated in figures bass.
Harmony chapter 5
What’s the difference between an perfect authentic and a perfect plagal?
Perfect plagal has the tonic in the soprano over both chords.
When cross relation (chromatically altered notes in one voice is next to the same diatonic scale degree in a different voice) permitted?
When using the upper Tetrachord of the melodic minor scale.
Chromatically altered passing tones most often occur when?
Ascending melodic minor over the dominant.
True or False?
Lower auxiliary may be chromatically altered.
True
This is done if the semitone does not occur diatonically.
Cambiata?
Leap then step
Echappee?
Step then leap
What is the term for an upward resolution of a suspension?
Retardation
Which non-Harmonic tone acts as a suspension without a preparation?
Appoggiatura
What are the commonly used pedal scales degrees?
Tonic and dominant
Describe the Appoggiatura Six-Four.
When a six-four chord occurs, but not at a cadence.
E.g. One six-four to five
Or, Four six-four to one
What are the secondary triads?
Supertonic
Mediant
Leading tone/Subtonic
What are tonal notes?
Tonic
Subdominant
Dominant
*also known as primary tones
What augmented 6th has the following figured bass?
II 6/4/3, 1 slash
II 6/4/3, 2 slashes
IV 6/5/3
IV 6/3/3
French
German II
German I
Italian
