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Geography > Hard vs Soft Engineering > Flashcards

Hard vs Soft Engineering Flashcards

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1
Q

What can reduce the risk of flooding and its effects?

A

Engineering.

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of strategies to deal with flooding?

A

Hard and soft engineering.

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3
Q

What is hard engineering?

A

Man-made structures built to control the flow of rivers and reduce flooding.

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4
Q

What is soft engineering?

A

Schemes set up using knowledge of a river and its processes to reduce the effects of flooding.

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5
Q

Name the 2 hard engineering methods?

A

Dams and reservoirs.

Channel straightening.

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6
Q

What is a dam?

A

Huge walls built across a river.

Upper course.

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7
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

Artificial lake formed behind a dam.

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8
Q

What are the benefits of dams and reservoirs?

A

Reservoirs store water.

Water in reservoirs used to drink and generate HEP.

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9
Q

Why is it good that reservoirs store water?

A

During prolonged rain it stores water and reduces risk of flooding.

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10
Q

Disadvantages of dams and reservoirs?

A

Dams are expensive.
Reservoirs can flood existing settlements.
Eroded material is deposited in reservoir.

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11
Q

Where should eroded material be deposited?

Why?

A

Along river’s natural course.

Farmland downstream can be less fertile.

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12
Q

What is channel straightening?

A

River’s course straightened.

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13
Q

What happens to the meanders in channel straightening?

A

They are cut out by building artificial straight channels.

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14
Q

What are the benefits of channel straightening?

A

Water moves out of the area quickly as it doesn’t travel as far, this reduces floods.

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of channel straightening?

A

Flooding may occur downstream of the straightened channel instead, as the water is carried their faster.
More erosion downstream faster flowing water.

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16
Q

Why is there more erosion down stream?

A

Water is flowing faster.

17
Q

Name the 4 methods of soft engineering?

A

Flood warnings.
Preparation.
Flood plain zoning.
‘Do nothing’.

18
Q

What are flood warnings?

A

Environmental agency warns people about possible flooding.

19
Q

How are flood warnings put across?

Name 4.

A

TV.
Radio.
Newspaper.
Internet.

20
Q

What are the benefits of flood warning?

A

Impact of flood is reduced.

Warnings give people time to love possessions.

21
Q

Where will people move their possessions to?

A

Upstairs.
Sandbags in position.
Evacuate.

22
Q

What are the disadvantages of flood warnings?

A

Don’t stop flood actually occurring.
Difficult to get insurance.
People may not hear warnings.

23
Q

What is flood plain zoning?

A

Restrictions prevent building on parts of a flood plain that are likely to be affected by a flood.

24
Q

What are the benefits of flood plain zoning?

A

Risk of flood reduced.

Impact of flood reduced.

25
Q

Flood plain zoning reduces risk of flood, how?

A

Impermeable surfaces aren’t created.

26
Q

During flood plain zoning how is the impact of flooding reduced?

A

No houses or roads to be damaged.

27
Q

What are the disadvantages of flood plain zoning?

A

Expansion of an urban area is limited.

No help in areas that have already been built on.

28
Q

What is ‘do nothing’?

A

No money spent on new engineering methods or maintaining existing ones.

29
Q

What is the concept behind ‘do nothing’?

A

That flooding is a natural process and people should accept the risks of living in an area that’s likely to flood.

30
Q

What are the benefits of ‘do nothing’?

A

The river flood eroded material and its deposited on the flood plain.
MAKING FARMLAND MORE FERTILE.

31
Q

What are the disadvantages of ‘do nothing’?

A

The risk of flooding and the impacts aren’t reduced.

Flood cause a lot of damage.

32
Q

What happens during the process of ‘preparation’?

A

Buildings are modified to reduce the amount of damage a flood causes.

33
Q

During preparation what do people do?

A

Make plans for what to do in a flood.

Keep important documents, items like torches and blankets in a handy place.

34
Q

What are the benefits of preparation?

A

Impact of flooding is reduced.
Buildings less damaged and people know what to do when a flood happens.
People less likely to worry.

35
Q

What are the disadvantages of preparation?

A

Doesn’t guarantee safety.
False sense of security.
Expensive to modify homes/businesses.

Geography (39 decks)

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