Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BOC Prep > Hand & Wrist > Flashcards

Hand & Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the hand & wrist?

A

Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals 1-5
Phalanges (proximal, middle-except thumb, distal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which bone has 60-80% of wrist motion occurring at it?

A

Radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are bony landmarks of the dorsal wrist?

A
  1. Anatomical snuffbox
  2. Scaphoid distal pole
  3. Triscaphe joint
  4. Scapholunate joint
  5. Lister’s tubercle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 3 joints are at the wrist?

A

Radiocarpal
Ulnocarpal
Distal Radioulnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the joints of the hand at each finger?

A

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP)
Distal Interphalangeal (DIP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What bones make up the radiocarpal joint?

A

Radius
Scaphoid
Triquetrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What bones make up the Ulnocarpal joint?

A

Ulna
Triquetrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What bones form the distal Radioulnar joint?

A

Triangular Fibrocartilage (disc that overlays the ulnar head between the Triquetrium, Lunate, & Ulnar head)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the carpi metacarpal joint?

A

Its where the carpals & metacarpals meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are the MCP, PIP, & DIP surrounded by a joint capsule?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the MCP and PIP reinforced by?

A

Collateral ligaments & a Condyloid joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Hulten’s variance?

A

The relationship between length of ulna & radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does ulnar variance affect?

A

It changes the loads borne by the ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a positive ulnar variance?

A

The ulna extends >/= 1mm beyond the radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is neutral ulnar variance?

A

The lengths of the ulna and radius differ < 1mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is negative ulnar variance?

A

The ulnar is shorter >/= 1mm than the radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 proximal carpal bones?

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 4 distal carpals?

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the hook of the hamate called?

A

Hamulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of bone is pisiform?

A

Sesamoid bone (it’s free floating, only insertion is FCU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which bone is the keystone of the carpal bone arch?

A

Capitate- it is the largest & most central bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What tunnel is between the pisiform & the hook of the hamate?

A

The tunnel of Guyon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is normal wrist joint extension?

A

0-70 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is normal wrist joint Flexion?

A

0-80 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is normal wrist joint radial deviation?
0-20 degrees
26
What is normal wrist joint ulnar deviation?
0-30 degrees
27
What is the place of function of the wrist (best place for finger Flexion)?
20-35 degrees extension & 10-15 degrees of ulnar deviation
28
What is the triangular fibrocartilaginous disk?
It is a disk that cover the ulna and acts as a cushion (like meniscus) between it and the carpals
29
What are the arches of the hand?
Longitudinal Carpal transverse Metacarpal transverse
30
What are the ligaments of the wrist?
Intercarpal ligaments Flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament) Palmar carpal ligament (volar carpal ligament) Extensor retinaculum
31
What is the carpal tunnel?
Area of the wrist that the median nerve & the flexor tendons pass through underneath the flexor retinaculum
32
What makes up the floor of the carpal tunnel?
The proximal & distal carpal rows
33
What makes up the ulnar border of the carpal tunnel?
The pisiform & hook of the hamate
34
What makes up the radial border of carpal tunnel?
The scaphoid & greater multangular
35
How many wrist tunnels are there?
8 (6 dorsal, 2 volar)
36
What structures are included in tunnel 1 or the medial snuffbox?
Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis
37
What structures are included in tunnel 2?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi radialis longus
38
What structures are included in tunnel 3 or the lateral snuffbox?
Extensor pollicis longus
39
What structures are included in tunnel 4?
Extensor digitorum communi Extensor indicis
40
What structures are included in tunnel 5?
Extensor digiti minimi
41
What structures are included in tunnel 6?
Extensor carpi ulnaris
42
What artery passes through the anatomical snuffbox?
Radial artery
43
What structures run within the carpal tunnel on the volar surface (wrist tunnel 7)?
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis Median nerve Flexor pollicis longus
44
What structures run outside the carpal tunnel on the volar surface (wrist tunnel 8)?
Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Ulnar nerve
45
Do we need to make sure our wrist tendons have excursion (movement)?
Yes
46
What passes through the tunnel of guyon?
Ulnar nerve
47
What is the floor of the anatomical snuff box?
Scaphoid
48
What make up the borders of the anatomical snuff box?
Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus
49
What does the attitude of the hand help with?
1. Facilitates venous & lymphatic drainage 2. Minimizes restraining action (excursion) of the extrinsic tendons, allowing full flexion & extension of the fingers
50
What is the attitude of the hand?
At rest, the MCP, PIP, & DIP joints are in slight flexion
51
What constitutes the palm of the hand?
Fibrous fasciculi anchor skin to the palm, permitting very little sliding of the skin
52
What constitutes the dorsal surface of the hand?
Loose areolar tissue anchors the skin on the dorsal surface, allowing for skin to move freely, lymphatic system
53
What are skin creases?
- Indicate lines of adherence between skin & fascia with no intervening adipose tissue - serve to identify important anatomical landmarks
54
What are the creases of the hand?
Radial longitudinal (thenar crease) Proximal palmar (transverse crease) Distal palmar (transverse crease)
55
What are the creases of the fingers?
Palmar digital Middle (PIP) Distal (DIP)
56
Where is the frontal plane center of axis of hand?
Through the 3rd metacarpal
57
What is normal Flexion ROM at fingers 2-5 MCP joint?
0-90 degrees
58
What is normal extension ROM at fingers 2-5 MCP joint?
0-45 degrees
59
What is normal abduction ROM at fingers 2-5 MCP joint?
0-20 degrees
60
What is normal adduction ROM at fingers 2-5 MCP joint?
0-20 degrees
61
What is PIP Joint movement (Flexion)?
0-100 degrees
62
What is the DIP joint movement (Flexion)?
0-80 degrees
63
What is normal ROM for thumb MCP joint Flexion?
0-50 degrees
64
What is normal ROM for thumb MCP joint abduction?
0-70 degrees
65
What is normal ROM for thumb MCP joint adduction?
0 degrees to 2nd metacarpal
66
What is zone 1 of the hand?
From DIP to finger tips
67
What is zone 2 of the hand?
The MCP joint area of the thumb and the top of the palm through the DIP of fingers 2-5
68
What is zone 3 of the hand?
The top middle of the palm & the middle of the thenar eminence
69
What is zone 4 of the hand?
The bottom middle of the palm touching the wrist
70
What is zone 5 of the hand?
The wrist where the flexor retinaculum lays
71
What 4 structures does each MCP, PIP, & DIP joint have?
1. Joint capsule 2. Radial collateral ligament 3. Ulnar collateral ligament 4. Volar (palmar ligament) plate
72
What do these 3 ligaments collectively form?
They form a “box” around each of the joints
73
Is the palmar plate distal attachment cartilaginous or membranous?
Cartilaginous
74
Is the palmar plate proximal attachment cartilaginous or membranous?
Membranous
75
What are the extrinsic muscles of the hand?
- flexor digitorum superficialis (pip) - flexor digitorum profundus (dip) - extensor digitorum communi
76
Where are the muscle bellies of the hand extrinsic muscles?
In the forearm
77
What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?
Dorsal interossei (4) Volar interossei (3) Lumbricals Hypothenar eminence muscles Thenar eminence muscles
78
What muscles make up the hypothenar eminence?
- abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti minimi brevis - opponens digiti minimi
79
What muscles make up the thenar eminence?
- abductor pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis - opponents pollicis
80
Where do the muscle bellies of the hand intrinsic muscles?
In the hand
81
Do any muscle bellies lie within the finger proper?
No, only tendons
82
What are the other 4 ligaments of the hand?
1. Transverse retinacular ligament 2. Oblique retinacular ligament (ligament of landsmere) 3. Triangular ligament 4. Juncurae tendinum
83
What are the FDS & FDP muscles encased in for the flexor pulley?
A synovial sheath which is bound to the phalanges by fibrous digital sheaths made up of alternating stronger annular & weaker cruciform parts (A1-A5 & C1-C4)
84
What does the flexor pulley allow for?
A smooth curve
85
What are spoon nails?
The nail is indented/concave like a spoon
86
What are clubbed nails?
87
What is the opera glove pathology?
Paresthesia going from above the elbow all the way to the finger tips surrounding the arm like an opera glove
88
What is Swan neck deformity?
A hyperextension of the PIP and a forced Flexion of the DIP
89
What is boutonnière deformity?
A hyperflexion of the MCP & DIP and a forced Flexion of the PIP
90
What are claw fingers?
When the fingers are stuck in a claw shape curve
91
What is trigger finger?
92
What is bishop’s hand?
93
What is drop wrist?
94
What is Z deformity?
95
What is dupuytren’s contraction?
96
What is mallet finger?
A rupture or avulsion of the extensor digitorum communi tendon at its attachment site at the base of the fingernail
97
What is pill rolling?
A neurological pathology where older folks remember the motion of rolling pills from there younger days and do it subconsciously even if they don’t remember other things in their life
98
What is Volkmann’s contracture?
This can occur after an elbow dislocation or Fx where the radial? Vein becomes occluded so blood is still going into the forearm and hand but can’t be pumped back to the heart and eventually tissue death occcurs

BOC Prep (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions