Gen Med Flashcards
What are the two main sounds produced by the heart during each heartbeat?
The first sound (S1) and the second sound (S2)
Which heart sound is associated with the closing of the atrioventricular valves?
The first heart sound (S1)
Which heart sound is associated with the closing of the semilunar valves?
The second heart sound (S2)
True or False: The first heart sound (S1) is longer and lower in pitch than the second heart sound (S2).
True
What is the term for the brief silence between the first and second heart sounds?
Isovolumic relaxation
Fill in the blank: The first heart sound (S1) is also known as the _______ sound.
Lub
Fill in the blank: The second heart sound (S2) is also known as the _______ sound.
Dub
What is the term for an extra heart sound heard immediately after S2?
Third heart sound (S3)
What is the term for a sound sometimes heard after S2, associated with stiffening of the ventricles?
Fourth heart sound (S4)
What is the term for the sound of blood hitting the walls of the ventricles and atria during rapid filling?
Heart murmur
What is the term for a high-pitched, blowing sound heard over an artery?
Bruits
True or False: Heart murmurs are always indicative of a heart abnormality.
False
What is the term for a harsh, scraping sound heard over the precordium?
Pericardial friction rub
What is the term for the sound produced by turbulent blood flow within the heart?
Gallop rhythm
Which heart sound is often associated with heart failure (ventricular gallop)?
Third heart sound (S3)
Which heart sound is often associated with hypertension, aortic stenosis, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Fourth heart sound (S4)
What is the term for a vibrating sensation felt on the chest wall over the heart?
Thrill
True or False: Heart sounds can be transmitted to other areas of the body through bone conduction.
True
What is the term for the abnormal sound of blood flowing through a narrowed heart valve?
Stenotic murmur
What is the term for the abnormal sound of blood flowing backward through a leaky heart valve?
Regurgitant murmur
What is the term for the sound produced by the collision of blood columns within the heart?
Click
What is the term for the sound produced by the opening of the semilunar valves?
Ejection click
What is the term for the sound produced by the opening of the atrioventricular valves?
Opening snap
True or False: Heart sounds are primarily caused by blood flow within the heart chambers.
True
Which side of the stethoscope should be placed against the skin, when auscultating heart sounds?
The bell
Are heart sounds low or high frequency?
Low
Where would you auscultate to listen to the aortic valve?
2nd intercostal space on the R of the sternum
Where would you auscultate to listen to the pulmonary valve?
2nd intercostal space on the L of the sternum
Where would you auscultate to listen to the tricuspid valve?
4th intercostal space on the L of the sternum
Where would you auscultate to listen to the mitral/bicuspid valve?
5th intercostal space on the L of the sternum
What are not normal heart sounds?
S3 & S4
When does S3 (ventricular gallop) occur?
At the beginning of diastole (after S2)
When does a diastolic murmur occur?
Between S1 & S2 when heart is filling
When is S4 heard?
Abnormal heart sound at the end of systole (after S1)
When are the heart sounds heard?
When the valves are closing
